Detail Information of Post-Translational Modifications

General Information of Drug Transporter (DT)
DT ID	DTD0456 Transporter Info
Gene Name	SLC6A4
Transporter Name	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Gene ID	6532
UniProt ID	P31645

Post-Translational Modification of This DT
Overview of SLC6A4 Modification Sites with Functional and Structural Information
Sequence	M E T T P L N S Q K Q L S A C E D G E D C Q E N G V L Q K V V P T P G D K V E S G Q I S N G Y S A V P S P G A G D D T R H S I P A T T T T L V A E L H Q G E R E T W G K K V D F L L S V I G Y A V D L G N V W R F P Y I C Y Q N G G G A F L L P Y T I M A I F G G I P L F Y M E L A L G Q Y H R N G C I S I W R K I C P I F K G I G Y A I C I I A F Y I A S Y Y N T I M A W A L Y Y L I S S F T D Q L P W T S C K N S W N T G N C T N Y F S E D N I T W T L H S T S P A E E F Y T R H V L Q I H R S K G L Q D L G G I S W Q L A L C I M L I F T V I Y F S I W K G V K T S G K V V W V T A T F P Y I I L S V L L V R G A T L P G A W R G V L F Y L K P N W Q K L L E T G V W I D A A A Q I F F S L G P G F G V L L A F A S Y N K F N N N C Y Q D A L V T S V V N C M T S F V S G F V I F T V L G Y M A E M R N E D V S E V A K D A G P S L L F I T Y A E A I A N M P A S T F F A I I F F L M L I T L G L D S T F A G L E G V I T A V L D E F P H V W A K R R E R F V L A V V I T C F F G S L V T L T F G G A Y V V K L L E E Y A T G P A V L T V A L I E A V A V S W F Y G I T Q F C R D V K E M L G F S P G W F W R I C W V A I S P L F L L F I I C S F L M S P P Q L R L F Q Y N Y P Y W S I I L G Y C I G T S S F I C I P T Y I A Y R L I I T P G T F K E R I I K S I T P E T P T E I P C G D I R L N A V
PTM type	X-N-glycosylation X-Palmitoylation X-Phosphorylation X-Ubiquitination X: Amino Acid

N-glycosylation
Asparagine	2 PTM Phenomena Related to This Residue		Click to Show/Hide the Full List
PTM Phenomenon 1	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[1]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Asparagine	Modified Location	208
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	N-linked Glycosylation at SLC6A4 Asparagine 208 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 2	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[1]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Asparagine	Modified Location	217
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	N-linked Glycosylation at SLC6A4 Asparagine 217 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
Palmitoylation
Asparticacid	1 PTM Phenomena Related to This Residue		Click to Show/Hide the Full List
PTM Phenomenon 1	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[2]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Asparticacid
Studied Phenotype	Huntington's disease [ICD11:8A01.10]
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Palmitoylation at SLC6A4 Asparticacid has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
Phosphorylation
Serine	9 PTM Phenomena Related to This Residue		Click to Show/Hide the Full List
PTM Phenomenon 1	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	40
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 40 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 2	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	44
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 44 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 3	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	48
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 48 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 4	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	52
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 52 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 5	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3] , [4]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	62
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 62 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 6	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[5]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	91
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 91 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 7	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[6]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	149
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 149 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 8	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[7]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	559
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 559 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 9	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[6] , [8]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Serine	Modified Location	611
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Serine 611 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
Threonine	10 PTM Phenomena Related to This Residue		Click to Show/Hide the Full List
PTM Phenomenon 1	Enhancing the activity of SLC6A4			[9]
Role of PTM	On/Off Switch
Affected Drug/Substrate	5-Hydroxytryptamine	Results for Drug	Increasing the transport of 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	276
Related Enzyme	cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PRKG1)
Experimental Material(s)	Chinese hamster ovary subclone (CHO-K1) cells
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 276 have been reported to enhance its transport activity.
PTM Phenomenon 2	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	59
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 59 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 3	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	66
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 66 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 4	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	67
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 67 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 5	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	68
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 68 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 6	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[3]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	69
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 69 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 7	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[10]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	81
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 81 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 8	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[8] , [11]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	613
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 613 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 9	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[1] , [8]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	616
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 616 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
PTM Phenomenon 10	Have the potential to influence SLC6A4			[6]
Role of PTM	Potential impacts
Modified Residue	Threonine	Modified Location	618
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Threonine 618 has the potential to affect its expression or activity.
Tyrosine	3 PTM Phenomena Related to This Residue		Click to Show/Hide the Full List
PTM Phenomenon 1	Enhancing the stability of SLC6A4 protein and its transport activity			[12]
Role of PTM	Protein Stability
Affected Drug/Substrate	5-Hydroxytryptamine	Results for Drug	Increasing uptake of 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Modified Residue	Tyrosine
Experimental Material(s)	Human placental trophoblast cells
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Tyrosine have been reported to enhance its protein stability and transport activity.
PTM Phenomenon 2	Impairing the function of SLC6A4			[12]
Role of PTM	Surface Expression Modulation
Affected Drug/Substrate	5-Hydroxytryptamine	Results for Drug	Decreasing the transport of 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Modified Residue	Tyrosine	Modified Location	47
Modified State	Tyrosine to Phenylalanine mutation
Experimental Material(s)	Human placental trophoblast cells
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Removal of the Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Tyrosine 47 (i.e. Tyrosine to Phenylalanine mutation) have been reported to impaire its transport function.
PTM Phenomenon 3	Impairing the function of SLC6A4			[12]
Role of PTM	Surface Expression Modulation
Affected Drug/Substrate	5-Hydroxytryptamine	Results for Drug	Decreasing the transport of 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Modified Residue	Tyrosine	Modified Location	142
Modified State	Tyrosine to Phenylalanine mutation
Experimental Material(s)	Human placental trophoblast cells
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Removal of the Phosphorylation at SLC6A4 Tyrosine 142 (i.e. Tyrosine to Phenylalanine mutation) have been reported to impaire its transport function.
Ubiquitination
Unclear Residue	1 PTM Phenomena Related to This Residue		Click to Show/Hide the Full List
PTM Phenomenon 1	Affecting the SERT expression levels and uptake activity			[13]
Role of PTM	Degradation via Proteosome
Related Enzyme	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin (HDR1)
Experimental Material(s)	African green monkey kidney fibroblast-like (COS-7) cells
Experimental Method	Co-Immunoprecipitation
Detailed Description	Ubiquitination at SLC6A4 have been reported to affect its expression levels and uptake activity.

References
1	X-ray structures and mechanism of the human serotonin transporter. Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):334-9.
2	Bidirectional control of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) clustering by Huntingtin. J Biol Chem. 2014 Feb 7;289(6):3518-28.
3	Phosphoproteins in extracellular vesicles as candidate markers for breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Mar 21;114(12):3175-3180.
4	Temporal quantitative phosphoproteomics of ADP stimulation reveals novel central nodes in platelet activation and inhibition. Blood. 2017 Jan 12;129(2):e1-e12.
5	Determination of Site-Specific Phosphorylation Ratios in Proteins with Targeted Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2018 Apr 6;17(4):1654-1663.
6	Ischemia in tumors induces early and sustained phosphorylation changes in stress kinase pathways but does not affect global protein levels. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2014 Jul;13(7):1690-704.
7	Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. J Proteome Res. 2013 Jan 4;12(1):260-71.
8	UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D506-D515.
9	Phosphorylation of threonine residue 276 is required for acute regulation of serotonin transporter by cyclic GMP. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 20;282(16):11639-47.
10	The N terminus of monoamine transporters is a lever required for the action of amphetamines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 2;285(14):10924-38.
11	Phosphoproteome resource for systems biology research. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;694:307-22.
12	Tyrosine phosphorylation of the human serotonin transporter: a role in the transporter stability and function. Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Jan;81(1):73-85.
13	Role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 in the regulation of serotonin transporter function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jan 1;534:583-589.

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Detail Information of Post-Translational Modifications

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