Drug Information

General Information
Drug ID
DR00255
Drug Name
L-carnitine
Synonyms
(-)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate; (-)-Carnitine; (-)-L-Carnitin; (-)-L-Carnitine; (3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, inner salt; (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate; (L-3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt; (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide; (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt; (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate; (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutyrate; (R)-Carnitine; 1-CARNITINE; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt; 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, (2R)-(9CI); 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt; 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, innersalt; 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium; Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, L-(8CI); Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide,inner salt; Bicarnesine; C-1985; Carnicor; Carniking; Carniking 50; Carnilean; Carnitene; Carnitine; Carnitine (L-form); Carnitolo; Carnitor; Carnitor (TN); Carnovis; Carrier; DRG-0211; Gamma-Trimethyl-ammonium-beta-hydroxybutirate; Gamma-Trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine; Karnitin; L-(-)-Carnitine; L-Carnitine inner salt; L-carnitine Base; L-gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine; Lefcar; Levocarnitina; Levocarnitina [Spanish]; Levocarnitine; Levocarnitine (JAN/USP/INN); Levocarnitine [USAN:INN]; Levocarnitinum; Levocarnitinum [Latin]; Metina; R-(-)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate; ST 198; Vitamin B T; Vitamin BT
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Indication Nutritional deficiency [ICD11: 5B7Z] Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Vitamins
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
Formula
C7H15NO3
Canonical SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC(CC(=O)[O-])O
InChI
InChI=1S/C7H15NO3/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3/t6-/m1/s1
InChIKey
PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N
CAS Number
CAS 541-15-1
Pharmaceutical Properties Molecular Weight 161.2 Topological Polar Surface Area 60.4
Heavy Atom Count 11 Rotatable Bond Count 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3
XLogP
-0.2
PubChem CID
10917
PubChem SID
103332887 , 103944816 , 104324626 , 115354359 , 118307976 , 12125266 , 124360711 , 124757780 , 124811873 , 125164584 , 126603600 , 126608844 , 131318133 , 131549872 , 134224069 , 134338232 , 134975930 , 135692459 , 136903840 , 137003561 , 141954380 , 143433319 , 143857297 , 15120307 , 15171033 , 2207 , 24892238 , 29279278 , 3612 , 46475651 , 46505864 , 48416167 , 49747058 , 49833446 , 49867038 , 53788226 , 56312758 , 56320717 , 56320718 , 57326565 , 77300350 , 7849237 , 8145671 , 8157930 , 841764 , 85165027 , 87565251 , 91146345 , 92308023 , 93166761
ChEBI ID
ChEBI:16347
TTD Drug ID
D0G8SQ
DT(s) Transporting This Drug ASCT2 Transporter Info Alanine/serine/cysteine/threonine transporter 2 Substrate [2]
CACT Transporter Info Carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase Substrate [3]
FLIPT2 Transporter Info Fly-like putative transporter 2 Substrate [4]
MCT9 Transporter Info Monocarboxylate transporter 9 Substrate [5]
OCTN1 Transporter Info Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 Substrate [6]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 Substrate [7]
Drug-Transporter Activity Data
Drug-Transporter Activity Data FLIPT2 Transporter Info Km = 20 microM Oocytes-FLIPT2 [8]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 3.5 microM Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-OCTN2 [9]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 2.66 microM Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 [10]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 4.3 microM Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 [11]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 10.9 microM Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 [11]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 14.07 microM Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-OCTN2 [12]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 4.8 microM Oocytes-OCTN2 [13]
OCTN2 Transporter Info Km = 54 microM Rat brain endothelial cells-OCTN2 [14]
References
1 L-carnitine was approved by FDA. The official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019)
2 A polarized localization of amino acid/carnitine transporter B(0,+) (ATB(0,+)) in the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Nov 14;376(2):267-70.
3 Molecular and functional analysis of SLC25A20 mutations causing carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2004 Oct;24(4):312-20.
4 The human carnitine transporter SLC22A16 mediates high affinity uptake of the anticancer polyamine analogue bleomycin-A5. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 26;285(9):6275-84.
5 Histological characterization of orphan transporter MCT14 (SLC16A14) shows abundant expression in mouse CNS and kidney. BMC Neurosci. 2016 Jul 1;17(1):43.
6 Spontaneous development of intestinal and colonic atrophy and inflammation in the carnitine-deficient jvs (OCTN2(-/-)) mice. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Dec;92(4):315-24.
7 Colistin is substrate of the carnitine/organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2, SLC22A5). Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Dec;45(12):1240-1244.
8 Molecular identification of a novel carnitine transporter specific to human testis. Insights into the mechanism of carnitine recognition. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):36262-71.
9 beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707.
10 Na(+)-coupled transport of L-carnitine via high-affinity carnitine transporter OCTN2 and its subcellular localization in kidney. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Jun 6;1512(2):273-84.
11 Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84.
12 Expression and localization of organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 May;284(5):G863-71.
13 Functional and pharmacological characterization of human Na(+)-carnitine cotransporter hOCTN2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):F584-91.
14 Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the OCTN2 transporter at the RBE4 cells, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. 2003 Apr 4;968(1):69-79.

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