Drug Transporter (DT) Information

General Information of DT
DT ID DTD0010
Gene Name SLC22A1
Protein Name Organic cation transporter 1
Gene ID
6580
UniProt ID
O15245
TCDB ID
2.A.1.19.29
3D Structure

Modelled DT Structure

Method: multi-sequence alignment based machine learning

Detail: Structure Info

Synonyms OCT1; SLC22A1; Solute carrier family 22 member 1; hOCT1; oct1_cds
DT Family Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)
Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) Family
Tissue Specificity primarily expressed on the sinusoidal (blood side) membrane of hepatocytes. OCT1 is also located on the basolateral membrane of small intestinal enterocytes, renal proximal tubular cells, and with much lower abundance in some neurons, the heart, skeletal muscle, lung, tumor cells, and basophilic granulocytes
Function This transporter translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium.
Disease(s) Chronic myelogenous leukemia [ICD-11: 2A20.0]
Colorectal cancer [ICD-11: 2B91]
Cytomegalovirus infections [ICD-11: 1D82]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection [ICD-11: 1C62.Z]
Malaria [ICD-11: 1F40]
Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]
Parkinson's Disease [ICD-11: 8A00.0]
Type 2 diabetes [ICD-11: 5A11]
Herpes simplex virus infection [ICD-11: 1F00]
Endogenous Substrate(s) Primary polyamines
Variability Data of This Drug Transporter (DT)

Regulatory Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 3.0)

(α) Microbiota Influence of This DT
Microbiota Influence (MBI)

(β) Post-translational Modification of This DT
Post-translational Modification (PTM)

(γ) Transcriptional Regulation of This DT
Transcriptional Regulation (TSR)

(δ) Epigenetic Regulation of This DT
Epigenetic Regulation (EGR)

(ε) Exogenous Modulation of This DT
Exogenous Modulation (EGM)

Structural Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 2.0)

(β) Inter-species Structural Differences
Inter-species Structural Differences (ISD)

General Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 1.0)

(α) Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT
Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT (GPD)

(β) Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT
Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (DPAD)

(γ) Species- and Tissue-specific DT Abundances
Species/Tissue-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (S/TPAD)
Molecular Transporting Profile of This DT

Full List of Drug(s) Transported by This DT

 Approved Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:          65 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Acebutolol
 Approved Drug Info Ventricular premature beats BC70 [1]
Acetylcholine
 Approved Drug Info Cataract 9B10 [2]
Acyclovir
 Approved Drug Info Shingles 1.00E+91 [3]
Amiloride
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [4]
Atenolol
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [4]
Atropine
 Approved Drug Info Poison intoxication NE6Z [4]
Auranofin
 Approved Drug Info Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 [5]
Buformin
 Approved Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [6]
Camostat
 Approved Drug Info Chronic pancreatitis DC32 [4]
Cimetidine
 Approved Drug Info Acid reflux disorder DA22 [4]
Cisplatin
 Approved Drug Info Testicular cancer 2C80 [7]
Citalopram
 Approved Drug Info Depression 6A8Z [8]
Cladribine
 Approved Drug Info Hairy cell leukemia 2A82.2 [6]
Clidinium
 Approved Drug Info Peptic ulcer DA61 [4]
Clonidine
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [9]
Codeine
 Approved Drug Info Pain MG30-MG7Z [10]
Cytarabine
 Approved Drug Info Acute myeloid leukemia 2A60 [6]
Debrisoquine
 Approved Drug Info Hypertension BA00 [11]
Desipramine
 Approved Drug Info Depression 6A8Z [1]
Dinoprostone
 Approved Drug Info Medical abortion JA00.1 [12]
Disopyramide
 Approved Drug Info Ventricular arrhythmias BC71 [4]
Dopamine
 Approved Drug Info Parkinson's Disease 8A00.0 [8]
Epinephrine
 Approved Drug Info Asthma CA23 [6]
Fenoterol
 Approved Drug Info Bronchospasm CB40.Y [4]
Fexofenadine
 Approved Drug Info Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 [13]
Formoterol
 Approved Drug Info Asthma CA23 [4]
Ganciclovir
 Approved Drug Info Cytomegalovirus infections 1D82 [3]
Glycopyrrolate
 Approved Drug Info Airflow obstruction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 [4]
Imatinib
 Approved Drug Info Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 2B5B [14]
Indacaterol
 Approved Drug Info Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 [4]
Ipratropium
 Approved Drug Info Obstructive lung diseases CA22.Z [4]
Lamivudine
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [15]
Lamotrigine
 Approved Drug Info Epilepsy 8A6Z [16]
Metformin
 Approved Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [17]
Metoclopramide
 Approved Drug Info Vomiting MD90.1 [4]
Naratriptan
 Approved Drug Info Migraine Headaches 8A80 [18]
Nizatidine
 Approved Drug Info Acid reflux disorder DA22 [4]
Norepinephrine
 Approved Drug Info Septic shock 1G41 [8]
Oxaliplatin
 Approved Drug Info Colorectal cancer 2B91 [19]
Oxyphenonium
 Approved Drug Info Visceral spasms MD81.4 [4]
Pentamidine
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [20]
Perphenazine
 Approved Drug Info Schizophrenia 6A20 [4]
Phenoxybenzamine
 Approved Drug Info Malignant essential hypertension BA00 [1]
Pramipexole
 Approved Drug Info Parkinson's Disease 8A00.0 [21]
Prazosin
 Approved Drug Info Severe congestive heart failure BD10 [1]
Procainamide
 Approved Drug Info Ventricular arrhythmias BC71 [4]
Procaterol
 Approved Drug Info Asthma CA23 [4]
Propranolol
 Approved Drug Info Migraine 8A80 [9]
Quinine
 Approved Drug Info Malaria 1F40 [22]
Ranitidine
 Approved Drug Info Peptic ulcer DA61 [23]
Rizatriptan
 Approved Drug Info Migraine Headaches 8A80 [18]
Salbutamol
 Approved Drug Info Acute asthma CA23 [4]
Sitagliptin
 Approved Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [24]
Sorafenib
 Approved Drug Info Pancreatic cancer 2C10 [25]
Sumatriptan
 Approved Drug Info Migraine Headaches 8A80 [4]
Terbutaline
 Approved Drug Info Asthma CA23 [4]
Tiotropium
 Approved Drug Info Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 [4]
Triamterene
 Approved Drug Info Edema associated with congestive heart failure BD10 [4]
Trimethoprim
 Approved Drug Info Urinary tract infections GC08 [4]
Trospium chloride
 Approved Drug Info Overactive bladder GC50.0 [26]
Tubocurarine
 Approved Drug Info Smoking withdrawl syndrom 6C4A.2 [6]
Varenicline
 Approved Drug Info Smoking cessation 6C4A.2 [4]
Verapamil
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [1]
Zidovudine
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [6]
Zolmitriptan
 Approved Drug Info Migraine without aura 8A80.0 [18]

 Clinical Trial Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            6 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Berberine
 Phase 4 Drug Info Diabetes 5A10-5A14 [27]
Choline
 Phase 3 Drug Info Elderly bronchial asthma CA23 [6]
Tyramine
 Phase 3 Drug Info Parkinson's Disease 8A00.0 [6]
N1-methylnicotinamide
 Phase 2 Drug Info Hypertriglyceridemia 5C80.1 [28]
Tetraethylammonium
 Phase 2 Drug Info Hyperlipidaemia 5C8Z [29]
YM155
 Phase 2 Drug Info Non hodgkin's lymphoma 2A8Z [30]

 Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:          10 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Phencyclidine
 Withdrawn Drug Info Anesthesia MB40.3, MB40.8 [31]
Phenformin
 Withdrawn Drug Info Diabetes 5A10-5A14 [4]
(R)-Xamoterol
 Preclinical Drug Info Heart failure BD1Z [4]
(S)-Xamoterol
 Preclinical Drug Info Heart failure BD1Z [4]
Benzamil
 Preclinical Drug Info Cystic fibrosis CA25 [4]
N-methylpyridinium
 Preclinical Drug Info Colon cancer 2B90.Z [32]
Prostaglandin f2Alpha
 Preclinical Drug Info Solid tumours 2D4Z [33]
Spermidine
 Preclinical Drug Info Plaque psoriasis EA90.0 [6]
Tetramethylammonium
 Preclinical Drug Info Glaucoma 9C61 [34]
Antiparasitics
 Terminated Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [20]

Endogenous Metabolites (EMs) Handled by This DT

 Endogenous Metabolites (EMs)

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of EMs:            2 EMs in Total
EM Name PubChem CID Detail Experimental Material Ref
Prostaglandin E2
5280360
EM Info Identified using proximal tubule cells-OCT1h [33]
Prostaglandin F2 alpha
5280363
EM Info Identified using proximal tubule cells-OCT1h [33]

Drug-DT Affinity Assessed by Cell Line

 Approved Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:          11 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
Acyclovir Approved Drug Info Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT1 Km = 151.2 microM [3]
Dinoprostone Approved Drug Info Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT1 Km = 0.657 microM [33]
Ganciclovir Approved Drug Info Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT1 Km = 516.2 microM [3]
Ipratropium Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 Km = 9 microM [4]
Metformin Approved Drug Info Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OCT1 Km = 2160 microM [35]
Metformin Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 Km = 1060 microM [36]
Metformin Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 Km = 1470 microM [17]
Metformin Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 Km = 5450 microM [37]
Pentamidine Approved Drug Info Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OCT1 Km = 36.4 microM [20]
Ranitidine Approved Drug Info Oocytes-OCT1 Km = 70 microM [23]
Trospium chloride Approved Drug Info Primary human bladder urothelium cells (HBU) Km = 106 microM [26]

 Clinical Trial Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            3 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
Tetraethylammonium Phase 2 Drug Info Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-OCT1 Km = 229 microM [38]
Tetraethylammonium Phase 2 Drug Info Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT1 Km = 566 microM [29]
YM155 Phase 2 Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 Km = 22.1 microM [30]

 Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            5 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
N-methylpyridinium Preclinical Drug Info Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-OCT1 Km = 21 microM [32]
N-methylpyridinium Preclinical Drug Info Oocytes-OCT1 Km = 14.6 microM [39]
Prostaglandin f2Alpha Preclinical Drug Info Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT1 Km = 0.477 microM [33]
Antiparasitics Terminated Drug Info Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OCT1 Km = 6.1 microM [20]
Monocrotaline Investigative Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 Km = 109.1 microM [40]
References
1 Implications of genetic polymorphisms in drug transporters for pharmacotherapy. Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 8;234(1):4-33.
2 Role of acetylcholine and polyspecific cation transporters in serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in the mouse. Respir Res. 2006 Apr 12;7:65.
3 Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal antiviral transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Mar;300(3):918-24.
4 Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 26;56(18):7232-42.
5 Selection and characterization of a human ovarian cancer cell line resistant to auranofin. Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 9;8(56):96062-96078.
6 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
7 Cisplatin and oxaliplatin, but not carboplatin and nedaplatin, are substrates for human organic cation transporters (SLC22A1-3 and multidrug and toxin extrusion family). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):879-86.
8 Organic cation transporters and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008;23(4):243-53.
9 Influx Transport of Cationic Drug at the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Impact on the Retinal Delivery of Neuroprotectants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1139-1145.
10 Association of Organic Cation Transporter 1 With Intolerance to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A GoDARTS Study. Diabetes. 2015 May;64(5):1786-93.
11 The prototypic pharmacogenetic drug debrisoquine is a substrate of the genetically polymorphic organic cation transporter OCT1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 May 15;83(10):1427-34.
12 Are organic cation transporters capable of transporting prostaglandins? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;372(2):125-30.
13 Intestinal drug transporter expression and the impact of grapefruit juice in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Mar;81(3):362-70.
14 Pharmacologic markers and predictors of responses to imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Apr;49(4):639-42.
15 Relevance of the organic cation transporters 1 and 2 for antiretroviral drug therapy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1616-23.
16 Lamotrigine is a substrate for OCT1 in brain endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;83(6):805-14.
17 Metformin is a superior substrate for renal organic cation transporter OCT2 rather than hepatic OCT1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2005 Oct;20(5):379-86.
18 OCT1 mediates hepatic uptake of sumatriptan and loss-of-function OCT1 polymorphisms affect sumatriptan pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jun;99(6):633-41.
19 Organic cation transporters are determinants of oxaliplatin cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;66(17):8847-57.
20 Transport of dicationic drugs pentamidine and furamidine by human organic cation transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Feb;37(2):424-30.
21 OCT1 polymorphism is associated with response and survival time in anti-Parkinsonian drug users. Neurogenetics. 2011 Feb;12(1):79-82.
22 Comparison of type I and type II organic cation transport by organic cation transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jul;298(1):110-5.
23 Differential substrate and inhibitory activities of ranitidine and famotidine toward human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1; SLC22A1), hOCT2 (SLC22A2), and hOCT3 (SLC22A3). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Dec;315(3):1288-97.
24 265 effect of dietary cholesterol on gallbladder bile lithogenicity and gene expression in the enterohepatic axis of non-obese gallstone and control women. Journal of Hepatology, 2009, 50(09):S105-S106.
25 Perceived parental guan and school adjustment among Chinese early adolescents: The moderating role of interdependent self-construal. J Adolesc. 2019 Feb;71:18-27.
26 Expression of drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes in the bladder urothelium in man and affinity of the bladder spasmolytic trospium chloride to transporters likely involved in its pharmacokinetics. Mol Pharm. 2015 Jan 5;12(1):171-8.
27 Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells expressing the human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) and the efflux pump MDR1 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2008 Feb;376(6):449-61.
28 Cloning and characterization of two human polyspecific organic cation transporters. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Jul;16(7):871-81.
29 Involvement of human organic cation transporter 1 in the hepatic uptake of 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-4,9-dioxo-3-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-4,9-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazolium bromide (YM155 monobromide), a novel, small molecule survivin suppressant. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Sep;37(9):1856-63.
30 Characterization of human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1/SLC22A1)- and OCT2 (SLC22A2)-mediated transport of 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-4,9-dioxo-3-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)- 4,9-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazolium bromide (YM155 monobromide), a novel small molecule survivin suppressant. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Jan;38(1):1-4.
31 Drug transporters of platinum-based anticancer agents and their clinical significance. Drug Resist Updat. 2011 Feb;14(1):22-34.
32 Interaction of oral antidiabetic drugs with hepatic uptake transporters: focus on organic anion transporting polypeptides and organic cation transporter 1. Diabetes. 2008 Jun;57(6):1463-9.
33 Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Apr;301(1):293-8.
34 Scintillation proximity assay for measuring uptake by the human drug transporters hOCT1, hOAT3, and hOATP1B1. Anal Biochem. 2007 Jul 15;366(2):117-25.
35 Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1227-40.
36 Effects of tetraalkylammonium compounds with different affinities for organic cation transporters on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Dec;28(9):501-10.
37 Genotype-dependent effects of inhibitors of the organic cation transporter, OCT1: predictions of metformin interactions. Pharmacogenomics J. 2011 Dec;11(6):400-11.
38 Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jul;286(1):354-61.
39 Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;51(6):913-21.
40 An in vitro study on interaction of anisodine and monocrotaline with organic cation transporters of the SLC22 and SLC47 families. Chin J Nat Med. 2019 Jul;17(7):490-497.

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