Drug Transporter (DT) Information

General Information of DT
DT ID DTD0023
Gene Name SLC22A5
Protein Name Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2
Gene ID
6584
UniProt ID
O76082
TCDB ID
2.A.1.19.3
3D Structure

Modelled DT Structure

Method: multi-sequence alignment based machine learning

Detail: Structure Info

Synonyms CDSP; High-affinity sodium-dependent carnitine cotransporter; OCTN2; SLC22A5; Solute carrier family 22 member 5
DT Family Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)
Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) Family
Tissue Specificity Strongly expressed in kidney, skeletal muscle,heart and placenta. Highly expressed in intestinal cell typesaffected by Crohn disease, including epithelial cells. Expressedin CD68 macrophage and CD43 T-cells but not in CD20 B-cells.
Function This sodium-ion dependent transporter involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11. 3.
Disease(s) Angina [ICD-11: BA40]
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ICD-11: 6A05]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22]
Malaria [ICD-11: 1F40]
Obstructive lung diseases [ICD-11: CA22.Z]
Endogenous Substrate(s) Acetyl carnitine; Butyryl-L-carnitine; Gamma-butryo-betaine; Glycine betaine; Na+
Variability Data of This Drug Transporter (DT)

Regulatory Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 3.0)

(α) Microbiota Influence of This DT
Microbiota Influence (MBI)

(β) Post-translational Modification of This DT
Post-translational Modification (PTM)

(γ) Transcriptional Regulation of This DT
Transcriptional Regulation (TSR)

(δ) Epigenetic Regulation of This DT
Epigenetic Regulation (EGR)

(ε) Exogenous Modulation of This DT
Exogenous Modulation (EGM)

Structural Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 2.0)

(β) Inter-species Structural Differences
Inter-species Structural Differences (ISD)

General Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 1.0)

(α) Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT
Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT (GPD)

(β) Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT
Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (DPAD)

(γ) Species- and Tissue-specific DT Abundances
Species/Tissue-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (S/TPAD)
Molecular Transporting Profile of This DT

Full List of Drug(s) Transported by This DT

 Approved Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            9 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Amphetamine
 Approved Drug Info Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05 [1]
Entecavir
 Approved Drug Info Chronic hepatitis B infection 1E51.0 [2]
Ipratropium
 Approved Drug Info Obstructive lung diseases CA22.Z [3]
L-carnitine
 Approved Drug Info Nutritional deficiency 5B7Z [4]
Potassium chloride
 Approved Drug Info Hypokalemia 5C77 [5]
Pyrilamide
 Approved Drug Info Allergy 4A8Z [6]
Quinine
 Approved Drug Info Malaria 1F40 [7]
Tiotropium
 Approved Drug Info Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 [3]
Verapamil
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [8]

 Clinical Trial Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            2 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Acetyl-l-carnitine
 Phase 4 Drug Info Migraine 8A80 [7]
Acetylcarnitine
 Phase 4 Drug Info Migraine 8A80 [9]

 Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            1 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Beta-lactam antibiotics
 Preclinical Drug Info Penicillin allergy QC44.2 [10]

Endogenous Metabolites (EMs) Handled by This DT

 Endogenous Metabolites (EMs)

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of EMs:            1 EMs in Total
EM Name PubChem CID Detail Experimental Material Ref
Acetyl-l-carnitine
7045767
EM Info Identified using OCTN2-defective JVS mice [11]

Drug-DT Affinity Assessed by Cell Line

 Approved Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            8 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
Ipratropium Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 53 microM [3]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-OCTN2 Km = 3.5 microM [10]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 2.66 microM [12]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 4.3 microM [7]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 10.9 microM [7]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-OCTN2 Km = 14.07 microM [13]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Oocytes-OCTN2 Km = 4.8 microM [14]
L-carnitine Approved Drug Info Rat brain endothelial cells-OCTN2 Km = 54 microM [15]

 Clinical Trial Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            2 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
Acetyl-l-carnitine Phase 4 Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 8.5 microM [7]
Acetylcarnitine Phase 4 Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 8.5 microM [7]

 Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            2 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
D-carnitine Investigative Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCTN2 Km = 10.9 microM [7]
D-carnitine Investigative Drug Info Oocytes-OCTN2 Km = 98.3 microM [14]
References
1 Novel organic cation transporter 2-mediated carnitine uptake in placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jan;312(1):192-8.
2 Multiple SLC and ABC Transporters Contribute to the Placental Transfer of Entecavir. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Mar;45(3):269-278.
3 Transport of ipratropium, an anti-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease drug, is mediated by organic cation/carnitine transporters in human bronchial epithelial cells: implications for carrier-mediated pulmonary absorption. Mol Pharm. 2010 Feb 1;7(1):187-95.
4 Colistin is substrate of the carnitine/organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2, SLC22A5). Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Dec;45(12):1240-1244.
5 Mutations affecting GABAergic signaling in seizures and epilepsy. Pflugers Arch. 2010 Jul;460(2):505-23.
6 Genetic deficiency of carnitine/organic cation transporter 2 (slc22a5) is associated with altered tissue distribution of its substrate pyrilamine in mice. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2009 Dec;30(9):495-507.
7 Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84.
8 Genetic variations of the SLC22A5 gene in the Chinese and Indian populations of Singapore. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2010;25(1):112-9.
9 Cloning and functional characterization of a novel up-regulator, cartregulin, of carnitine transporter, OCTN2. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006 Aug 1;452(1):29-37.
10 beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707.
11 Functional relevance of carnitine transporter OCTN2 to brain distribution of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine across the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem. 2001 Dec;79(5):959-69.
12 Na(+)-coupled transport of L-carnitine via high-affinity carnitine transporter OCTN2 and its subcellular localization in kidney. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Jun 6;1512(2):273-84.
13 Expression and localization of organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 May;284(5):G863-71.
14 Functional and pharmacological characterization of human Na(+)-carnitine cotransporter hOCTN2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):F584-91.
15 Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the OCTN2 transporter at the RBE4 cells, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. 2003 Apr 4;968(1):69-79.

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