Drug Information
| General Information | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug ID |
DR00133
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| Drug Name |
Metformin
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| Synonyms |
1,1-Dimethyl biguanide; 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide; 3-(diaminomethylidene)-1,1-dimethylguanidine; DMGG; Diabetosan; Diabex; Diabex (TN); Diaformin (TN); Dianben (TN); Dimethylbiguanide; Dimethylbiguanidine; Dimethyldiguanide; Dimethylguanylguanidine; Fluamine; Flumamine; Fortamet (TN); Gen-Metformin; Glifage; Gliguanid; Glucophage (TN); Glumetza; Glumetza (TN); Glycon; Haurymelin; Islotin; LA-6023; Melbin; Metformin (USAN/INN); Metformin [USAN:INN:BAN]; Metformina; Metformina [DCIT]; Metformina [Spanish]; Metformine; Metformine [INN-French]; Metforminum; Metforminum [INN-Latin]; Metiguanide; N,N-Dimethylbiguanide; N,N-Dimethyldiguanide; N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide; N1,N1-Dimethylbiguanide; NNDG; Nu-Metformin; Obimet (TN); Riomet (TN); Siofor
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| Drug Type |
Small molecular drug
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| Indication | Type 2 diabetes [ICD11: 5A11] | Approved | [1] | |||
| Therapeutic Class |
Hypoglycemic Agents
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| Structure |
|
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| 3D MOL | 2D MOL | |||||
| Formula |
C4H11N5
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| Canonical SMILES |
CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N
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| InChI |
InChI=1S/C4H11N5/c1-9(2)4(7)8-3(5)6/h1-2H3,(H5,5,6,7,8)
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| InChIKey |
XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| CAS Number |
CAS 657-24-9
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| Pharmaceutical Properties | Molecular Weight | 129.16 | Topological Polar Surface Area | 91.5 | ||
| Heavy Atom Count | 9 | Rotatable Bond Count | 2 | |||
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 | Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 | |||
| XLogP |
-1.3
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| PubChem CID | ||||||
| PubChem SID |
103508547
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, 104305401
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, 11364723
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, 11369847
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, 11375447
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, 11467152
, 11485664
, 11534102
, 15297229
, 26038962
, 29223200
, 4393083
, 46507752
, 47206702
, 47216870
, 47589085
, 47810852
, 48110542
, 48110543
, 48185089
, 48334597
, 48416229
, 49698302
, 49893836
, 50100453
, 50100454
, 53788989
, 56311366
, 57288471
, 57322135
, 57665782
, 608268
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, 7797077
, 7979913
, 81682410
, 85789453
, 89779827
, 92308755
, 93132799
, 93166855
, 9360
|
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| ChEBI ID |
ChEBI:6801
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| TTD Drug ID | ||||||
| DT(s) Transporting This Drug | BCRP | Transporter Info | Breast cancer resistance protein | Substrate | [2] | |
| ENT4 | Transporter Info | Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 | Substrate | [3] | ||
| MATE1 | Transporter Info | Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 | Substrate | [4] | ||
| MATE2 | Transporter Info | Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 | Substrate | [5] | ||
| OCT-1 | Transporter Info | Organic cation transporter 1 | Substrate | [6] | ||
| OCT-2 | Transporter Info | Organic cation transporter 2 | Substrate | [6] | ||
| OCT-3 | Transporter Info | Organic cation transporter 3 | Substrate | [7] | ||
| THTR1 | Transporter Info | Thiamine transporter 1 | Substrate | [8] | ||
| THTR2 | Transporter Info | Thiamine transporter 2 | Substrate | [8] | ||
| Drug-Transporter Activity Data | ||||||
| Drug-Transporter Activity Data | MATE1 | Transporter Info | Km = 202 microM | Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-MATE1 | [4] | |
| MATE1 | Transporter Info | Km = 227 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-MATE1 | [9] | ||
| MATE1 | Transporter Info | Km = 780 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-MATE1 | [5] | ||
| MATE2 | Transporter Info | Km = 1050 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-MATE2K | [10] | ||
| MATE2 | Transporter Info | Km = 1980 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-MATE2K | [5] | ||
| OCT-1 | Transporter Info | Km = 2160 microM | Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OCT1 | [7] | ||
| OCT-1 | Transporter Info | Km = 1060 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 | [11] | ||
| OCT-1 | Transporter Info | Km = 1470 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 | [6] | ||
| OCT-1 | Transporter Info | Km = 5450 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT1 | [12] | ||
| OCT-2 | Transporter Info | Km = 680 microM | Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-OCT2 | [4] | ||
| OCT-2 | Transporter Info | Km = 990 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2 | [6] | ||
| OCT-2 | Transporter Info | Km = 1072 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2 | [11] | ||
| OCT-2 | Transporter Info | Km = 3171 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2 | [13] | ||
| OCT-2 | Transporter Info | Km = 3356 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2 | [14] | ||
| OCT-3 | Transporter Info | Km = 2260 microM | Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells-OCT3 | [7] | ||
| THTR2 | Transporter Info | Km = 1150 microM | Human embryonic kidney cells-hTHTR2 | [8] | ||
| References | ||||||
| 1 | Metformin was approved by FDA. The official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019) | |||||
| 2 | Role of human placental apical membrane transporters in the efflux of glyburide, rosiglitazone, and metformin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Apr;202(4):383.e1-7. | |||||
| 3 | Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell Metab. 2014 Dec 2;20(6):953-66. | |||||
| 4 | Human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1) transporter: functional characterization, interaction with OCT2 (SLC22A2), and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Apr;298(4):F997-F1005. | |||||
| 5 | Substrate specificity of MATE1 and MATE2-K, human multidrug and toxin extrusions/H(+)-organic cation antiporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;74(2):359-71. | |||||
| 6 | Metformin is a superior substrate for renal organic cation transporter OCT2 rather than hepatic OCT1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2005 Oct;20(5):379-86. | |||||
| 7 | Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1227-40. | |||||
| 8 | Metformin Is a Substrate and Inhibitor of the Human Thiamine Transporter, THTR-2 (SLC19A3). Mol Pharm. 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4301-10. | |||||
| 9 | Genetic variants in multidrug and toxic compound extrusion-1, hMATE1, alter transport function. Pharmacogenomics J. 2009 Apr;9(2):127-36. | |||||
| 10 | Identification and functional characterization of a new human kidney-specific H+/organic cation antiporter, kidney-specific multidrug and toxin extrusion 2. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Aug;17(8):2127-35. | |||||
| 11 | Effects of tetraalkylammonium compounds with different affinities for organic cation transporters on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Dec;28(9):501-10. | |||||
| 12 | Genotype-dependent effects of inhibitors of the organic cation transporter, OCT1: predictions of metformin interactions. Pharmacogenomics J. 2011 Dec;11(6):400-11. | |||||
| 13 | Functional characterization of the human organic cation transporter 2 variant p.270Ala>Ser. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jun;37(6):1312-8. | |||||
| 14 | Structural determinants of inhibitor interaction with the human organic cation transporter OCT2 (SLC22A2). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;379(4):337-48. | |||||
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