Drug Transporter (DT) Information

General Information of DT
DT ID DTD0004
Gene Name ABCG2
Protein Name Breast cancer resistance protein
Gene ID
9429
UniProt ID
Q9UNQ0
TCDB ID
3.A.1.204.2
3D Structure

Modelled DT Structure

Method: loop building

Template PDB: 6VXI_A

Identity: 91.29%

Minimized Score: -1498.175 kcal/mol

Detail: Structure Info

Synonyms ABC15; ABCG2; ABCP; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2; BCRP; BCRP1; BMDP; CD338; CDw338; EST157481; GOUT1; MRX; MXR; MXR-1; MXR1; Mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein; Placenta-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter; UAQTL1; Urate exporter; hABCG2
DT Family ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Superfamily
Eye Pigment Precursor Transporter (EPP) Family (ABCG)
Tissue Specificity Intestinal enterocyte, hepatocyte (canalicular), kidney proximal tubule, brain endothelia, placenta, stem cells, mammary gland (lactating), expressed at high levels on the apical surface of many tumor cell lines
Function This transporter functioned in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both from mitochondria to cytosol and from cytosol to extracellular space, and cellular export of hemin, and heme. Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. Implicated in the efflux of numerous drugs and xenobiotics: mitoxantrone, the photosensitizer pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine (AZT), and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin.
Disease(s) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ICD-11: 8B60.0]
Colorectal cancer [ICD-11: 2B91]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection [ICD-11: 1C62.Z]
Onchocerciasis [ICD-11: 1F6A]
Osteoporosis [ICD-11: FB83.1]
Pemphigus vulgaris [ICD-11: EB40.0]
Pulmonary arterial hypertension [ICD-11: BB01.0]
Chronic bronchitis [ICD-11: CA20.1]
Termination of pregnancy [ICD-11: KD3A]
Endogenous Substrate(s) Bisbenzimide; Pheophorbide A
Variability Data of This Drug Transporter (DT)

Regulatory Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 3.0)

(α) Microbiota Influence of This DT
Microbiota Influence (MBI)

(β) Post-translational Modification of This DT
Post-translational Modification (PTM)

(γ) Transcriptional Regulation of This DT
Transcriptional Regulation (TSR)

(δ) Epigenetic Regulation of This DT
Epigenetic Regulation (EGR)

(ε) Exogenous Modulation of This DT
Exogenous Modulation (EGM)

Structural Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 2.0)

(α) Mutation-induced Structural Variation
Mutation-induced Structural Variation (MSV)

(β) Inter-species Structural Differences
Inter-species Structural Differences (ISD)

(γ) Outward/inward-facing Conformation
Outward/inward-facing Conformation (OIC)

(δ) Xenobiotics-regulated Structural Variability
Xenobiotics-regulated Structural Variability (XSV)

General Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 1.0)

(α) Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT
Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT (GPD)

(β) Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT
Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (DPAD)

(γ) Species- and Tissue-specific DT Abundances
Species/Tissue-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (S/TPAD)
Molecular Transporting Profile of This DT

Full List of Drug(s) Transported by This DT

 Approved Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:        126 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Abacavir
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [1]
Acyclovir
 Approved Drug Info Shingles 1.00E+91 [2]
Adefovir
 Approved Drug Info Herpes simplex virus infection 1F00 [3]
Afatinib
 Approved Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [4]
Alfuzosin
 Approved Drug Info Benign prostatic hyperplasia GA90 [5]
Apatinib
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [6]
Apixaban
 Approved Drug Info Thrombosis BD71.4, BD72 [7]
Baricitinib
 Approved Drug Info Psoriasis EA90 [8]
Bicalutamide
 Approved Drug Info Prostate cancer 2C82 [9]
Binimetinib
 Approved Drug Info Melanoma 2C30 [10]
Brigatinib
 Approved Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [11]
Bupropion
 Approved Drug Info Smoking cessation 6C4A.2 [12]
Canagliflozin
 Approved Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [13]
Cephalothin
 Approved Drug Info Bacterial infections 1A00-1H0Z [14]
Cerivastatin
 Approved Drug Info Hyperlipidaemia 5C8Z [15]
Chlorothiazide
 Approved Drug Info Edema associated with congestive heart failure BD10 [16]
Cholic acid
 Approved Drug Info Synthesis disorders 5C52.10 [17]
Cimetidine
 Approved Drug Info Acid reflux disorder DA22 [18]
Ciprofloxacin
 Approved Drug Info Seizure 8A68 [19]
Cisplatin
 Approved Drug Info Testicular cancer 2C80 [20]
Cladribine
 Approved Drug Info Hairy cell leukemia 2A82.2 [21]
Clofarabine
 Approved Drug Info Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia 2A42 [21]
Cyclosporine
 Approved Drug Info Xerophthalmia 5B55.Y [15]
Dabrafenib
 Approved Drug Info Melanoma 2C30 [22]
Dactinomycin
 Approved Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [23]
Dasatinib
 Approved Drug Info Multiple myeloma 2A83 [24]
Daunorubicin
 Approved Drug Info Acute myeloid leukemia 2A60 [25]
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
 Approved Drug Info Dyspareunia GA12 [26]
Delavirdine
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [15]
Deoxycholic acid
 Approved Drug Info Fat below the chin 5B80 [14]
Diclofenac
 Approved Drug Info Osteoarthritis of knee FA01 [27]
Dipyridamole
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [28]
Dirithromycin
 Approved Drug Info Bacterial infections 1A00-1H0Z [14]
Docetaxel
 Approved Drug Info Lung cancer 2C25 [29]
Doxorubicin
 Approved Drug Info Leukemia 2A60-2B33 [30]
Eltrombopag
 Approved Drug Info Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 3B64.10 [31]
Empagliflozin
 Approved Drug Info Type 1 diabetes 5A10 [32]
Entacapone
 Approved Drug Info Parkinson's Disease 8A00.0 [33]
Entecavir
 Approved Drug Info Chronic hepatitis B infection 1E51.0 [34]
Epirubicin
 Approved Drug Info Node-positive breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [15]
Erlotinib
 Approved Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [35]
Erythromycin
 Approved Drug Info Pelvic inflammatory disease GA05 [28]
Estradiol
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [36]
Estrone sulfate
 Approved Drug Info Menopausal symptoms MF32 [37]
Estrone sulfate
 Approved Drug Info Menopausal symptoms MF32 [38]
Etoposide
 Approved Drug Info Testicular cancer 2C80 [39]
Ezetimibe
 Approved Drug Info Hypercholesterolemia 5C80.0 [40]
Fluorouracil
 Approved Drug Info Stomach cancer 2B72 [41]
Fluvastatin
 Approved Drug Info Hypercholesterolemia 5C80.0 [42]
Folic acid
 Approved Drug Info Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B7Z [43]
Ganciclovir
 Approved Drug Info Cytomegalovirus infections 1D82 [44]
Gefitinib
 Approved Drug Info Urethral cancer 2F78 [15]
Glibenclamide
 Approved Drug Info Diabetes 5A10-5A14 [45]
Glutathione
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [46]
Grepafloxacin
 Approved Drug Info Chronic bronchitis CA20.1 [47]
Hesperetin
 Approved Drug Info High cholesterol level 5C80.00 [48]
Hydroxychloroquine
 Approved Drug Info Malaria 1F40 [49]
Idarubicin
 Approved Drug Info Acute myeloid leukemia 2A60 [50]
Idelalisib
 Approved Drug Info Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 2A82.0 [51]
Imatinib
 Approved Drug Info Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 2B5B [52]
Irinotecan
 Approved Drug Info Colorectal cancer 2B91 [53]
Lamivudine
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [54]
Lapatinib
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [55]
Leflunomide
 Approved Drug Info Multiple scierosis 8A40 [56]
Lopinavir
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [15]
Menadione
 Approved Drug Info Vitamin K deficiency 5B59 [57]
Mercaptopurine
 Approved Drug Info Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2B33.0 [3]
Metformin
 Approved Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [58]
Methotrexate
 Approved Drug Info Leukemia 2A60-2B33 [59]
Mitoxantrone
 Approved Drug Info Metastatic breast cancer 2C6Y [25]
Moxidectin
 Approved Drug Info Onchocerciasis 1F6A [60]
Mycophenolate mofetil
 Approved Drug Info Pemphigus vulgaris EB40.0 [61]
Nelfinavir
 Approved Drug Info Sars coronavirus infections 1D92 [15]
Nicardipine
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [15]
Nilotinib
 Approved Drug Info Chronic myelogenous leukemia 2A20.0 [24]
Nitrofurantoin
 Approved Drug Info Termination of pregnancy KD3A [62]
Norfloxacin
 Approved Drug Info Urinary tract infections GC08 [63]
Ofloxacin
 Approved Drug Info Bacterial infections 1A00-1H0Z [15]
Olmesartan medoxomil
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [32]
Oxaliplatin
 Approved Drug Info Colorectal cancer 2B91 [64]
Paclitaxel
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [29]
Palbociclib
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [65]
Pantoprazole
 Approved Drug Info Gastroesophageal reflux disease DA22 [66]
Pazopanib hydrochloride
 Approved Drug Info Renal cell carcinoma 2C90 [67]
Pemetrexed
 Approved Drug Info Malignant pleural mesothelioma 2C26.0 [68]
Pirarubicin
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [41]
Pitavastatin
 Approved Drug Info Primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia 5C8Z [28]
Pitavastatin calcium
 Approved Drug Info Dyslipidaemias 5C8Z [69]
Ponatinib
 Approved Drug Info Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2B33.0 [70]
Prasterone
 Approved Drug Info Hypercalcemia 5B91.0 [71]
Pravastatin
 Approved Drug Info Hypercholesterolemia 5C80.0 [15]
Prazosin
 Approved Drug Info Severe congestive heart failure BD10 [72]
Progesterone
 Approved Drug Info Premature labour JB00 [36]
Pyrimethamine
 Approved Drug Info Isosporiasis 1A33.Z [73]
Rabeprazole
 Approved Drug Info Gastroesophageal reflux disease DA22 [74]
Raltitrexed
 Approved Drug Info Rectal cancer 2B92 [75]
Regorafenib
 Approved Drug Info Metastatic colorectal cancer 2B91 [32]
Reserpine
 Approved Drug Info High blood pressure BA00 [15]
Riboflavin
 Approved Drug Info Acne vulgaris ED80 [76]
Rifampicin
 Approved Drug Info Tuberculosis 1B1Z [14]
Riluzole
 Approved Drug Info Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8B60.0 [77]
Riociguat
 Approved Drug Info Pulmonary arterial hypertension BB01.0 [32]
Rivaroxaban
 Approved Drug Info Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis BD71 [78]
Rosiglitazone
 Approved Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [79]
Rosuvastatin
 Approved Drug Info Hypercholesterolemia 5C80.0 [80]
Saquinavir
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [81]
Simvastatin
 Approved Drug Info Hypercholesterolemia 5C80.0 [71]
Sofosbuvir
 Approved Drug Info Chronic hepatitis C infection 1E51.1 [32]
Sorafenib
 Approved Drug Info Pancreatic cancer 2C10 [82]
Sulfasalazine
 Approved Drug Info Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 [83]
Sunitinib
 Approved Drug Info Imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor 2B5B [82]
Talazoparib
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [84]
Tamoxifen
 Approved Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [85]
Teniposide
 Approved Drug Info Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2B33.0 [15]
Tenofovir
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [32]
Teriflunomide
 Approved Drug Info Multiple scierosis 8A40 [49]
Testosterone
 Approved Drug Info Osteoporosis FB83.1 [86]
Tetracycline
 Approved Drug Info Gram-positive & negative bacteria infections 1A00-1H0Z [14]
Thioguanine
 Approved Drug Info Acute myeloid leukemia 2A60 [3]
Topotecan
 Approved Drug Info Ovarian cancer 2C73 [87]
Trimetrexate
 Approved Drug Info Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia CA40.20 [73]
Vandetanib
 Approved Drug Info Thyroid gland tumours 2D10 [88]
Verteporfin
 Approved Drug Info Age-related macular degeneration 9B75.0 [89]
Vinblastine
 Approved Drug Info Testicular cancer 2C80 [29]
Vincristine
 Approved Drug Info Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2B33.0 [73]
Zidovudine
 Approved Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [15]

 Clinical Trial Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:          36 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Daidzein
 Phase 4 Drug Info Low Serum Lipid Levels 5C81 [90]
Hypericin
 Phase 4 Drug Info Subclinical anxious adults 6A73 [91]
Nifurtimox
 Phase 4 Drug Info Human african trypanosomiasis 1F51 [92]
AG 337
 Phase 3 Drug Info Lung cancer 2C25 [73]
Belotecan
 Phase 3 Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [93]
Camptothecin
 Phase 3 Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [94]
Exatecan mesylate
 Phase 3 Drug Info Pancreatic cancer 2C10 [75]
Glycocholic acid
 Phase 3 Drug Info Bile acid synthesis defect 5C52.11 [17]
J-107088
 Phase 3 Drug Info Glioblastoma 2A00.0 [75]
Karenitecin
 Phase 3 Drug Info Ovarian cancer 2C73 [75]
Phenethyl isothiocyanate
 Phase 3 Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [26]
Tenofovir alafenamide
 Phase 3 Drug Info Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62.Z [95]
Butyrate
 Phase 2/3 Drug Info Schizophrenia 6A20 [96]
Uric acid
 Phase 2/3 Drug Info Acute ischemic stroke 8B11 [97]
9-Aminocamptothecin
 Phase 2 Drug Info Ovarian cancer 2C73 [75]
Bisantrene
 Phase 2 Drug Info Acute myelogenous leukemia 2B33.1 [75]
BN-80915
 Phase 2 Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [75]
C-1311
 Phase 2 Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [98]
Cholesterol
 Phase 2 Drug Info Cone-Rod dystrophy 9B70 [36]
Flavopiridol
 Phase 2 Drug Info Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 2A82.0 [99]
Genistein
 Phase 2 Drug Info Prostate cancer 2C82 [38]
HPPH
 Phase 2 Drug Info Lung cancer 2C25 [100]
Ortataxel
 Phase 2 Drug Info Glioblastoma 2A00.0 [15]
Oxfendazole
 Phase 2 Drug Info Trichuris infection 1F6G [101]
Phosphatidylserine
 Phase 2 Drug Info Familial dysautonomia 8C21 [102]
Piritrexim
 Phase 2 Drug Info Urethral cancer 2F78 [73]
Quinacrine
 Phase 2 Drug Info Prostate cancer 2C82 [14]
SJG-136
 Phase 2 Drug Info Recurrent fallopian tube cancer 2C74 [103]
SN-38
 Phase 2 Drug Info Colon cancer 2B90.Z [104]
UCN-01
 Phase 2 Drug Info Non-small cell lung cancer 2C25 [75]
Gimatecan
 Phase 1/2 Drug Info Brain and central nervous system tumors 2A00 [75]
Benzo(a)pyrene
 Phase 1 Drug Info Environmental exposure NF08.Z [26]
Benzoylphenylurea
 Phase 1 Drug Info Solid tumours 2D4Z [105]
CP-724714
 Phase 1 Drug Info Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z [106]
Mycophenolic acid glucuronide
 Phase 1 Drug Info Lung transplantation QB63.2 [61]
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
 Phase 1 Drug Info Acne vulgaris ED80 [107]

 Phase 3 Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            1 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Quercetin
 Phase 3 Drug Info Coronary artery disease BA6Z [15]

 Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:          22 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Indication ICD 11 Ref
Parabis
 Withdrawn Drug Info Tapeworm infestation 1F7Y [108]
Becatecarin
 Discontinued in Phase 3 Drug Info Solid tumours 2D4Z [109]
Befloxatone
 Discontinued in Phase 3 Drug Info Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 [110]
E3040
 Discontinued in Phase 2 Drug Info Thrombosis BD71.4, BD72 [111]
Lurtotecan
 Discontinued in Phase 2 Drug Info Ovarian cancer 2C73 [26]
NB-506
 Discontinued in Phase 2 Drug Info Solid tumours 2D4Z [75]
Resveratrol
 Discontinued in Phase 2 Drug Info Colorectal cancer 2B91 [43]
Rhodamine 123
 Discontinued in Phase 1 Drug Info Prostate cancer 2C82 [112]
AG1478
 Preclinical Drug Info Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 2B6B [20]
Azidothymidine monophosphate
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [111]
Barasertib-hQPA
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [113]
BMS 536924
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [114]
Coumestrol
 Preclinical Drug Info Prostate cancer 2C82 [90]
Enrofloxacin
 Preclinical Drug Info Bacterial infections 1A00-1H0Z [115]
Homocamptothecin
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [116]
JNJ 7706621
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [117]
N-desethyl sunitinib
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [118]
Pancratistatin
 Preclinical Drug Info Cancer 2A00-2F9Z [119]
Protoporphyrin
 Preclinical Drug Info Iron deficiency 5B5K.0 [75]
Puromycin
 Preclinical Drug Info Bacterial infections 1A00-1H0Z [26]
Scutellarin
 Preclinical Drug Info Cerebrovascular ischaemia 8B1Z [120]
Taurocholic acid
 Terminated Drug Info Type 2 diabetes 5A11 [17]

Endogenous Metabolites (EMs) Handled by This DT

 Endogenous Metabolites (EMs)

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of EMs:            2 EMs in Total
EM Name PubChem CID Detail Experimental Material Ref
Hippuric acid
464
EM Info Identified using Abcg2 knockout mice [121]
Indoxyl sulfate
10258
EM Info Identified using Abcg2 knockout mice [121]

Drug-DT Affinity Assessed by Cell Line

 Approved Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:          13 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
Daunorubicin Approved Drug Info Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-BCRP Km = 2.5 microM [25]
Doxorubicin Approved Drug Info Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-BCRP Km = 5 microM [25]
Estrone sulfate Approved Drug Info Mouse lymphoma cells (P388)-BCRP Km = 16.6 microM [37]
Estrone sulfate Approved Drug Info Myelogenous leukemia cells (K562)-BCRP Km = 6.8 microM [122]
Methotrexate Approved Drug Info Breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7)-BCRP Km = 681 microM [59]
Methotrexate Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-BCRP Km = 1340 microM [123]
Methotrexate Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-BCRP Km = 1410 microM [124]
Mitoxantrone Approved Drug Info Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-BCRP Km = 7 microM [25]
Pitavastatin calcium Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-BCRP Km = 5.73 microM [69]
Rosuvastatin Approved Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-BCRP Km = 2.02 microM [80]
Rosuvastatin Approved Drug Info Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-BCRP Km = 10.1 microM [125]
Sulfasalazine Approved Drug Info Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-BCRP Km = 0.7 microM [126]
Topotecan Approved Drug Info Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-BCRP Km = 213 microM [93]

 Clinical Trial Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            1 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
SN-38 Phase 2 Drug Info Human lung carcinoma cells (PC-6/SN2-5H)-BCRP Km = 4 microM [104]

 Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug

 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug:            2 Drugs in Total
Drug Name Highest Status Detail Cell Line Affinity Ref
Estradiol-17beta-glucuronide Investigative Drug Info Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-BCRP Km = 44.2 microM [123]
Hematoporphyrin Investigative Drug Info Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-BCRP Km = 17.8 microM [127]
References
1 QSAR analysis and molecular modeling of ABCG2-specific inhibitors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Jan 31;61(1):34-46.
2 Acyclovir is a substrate for the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): implications for renal tubular transport and acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;89(9):675-80.
3 ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
4 Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) transport afatinib and restrict its oral availability and brain accumulation. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Jun;120:43-50.
5 In vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance of breast cancer resistance protein transporters (BCRP/MXR/ABCP/ABCG2). Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2011;(201):325-71.
6 Apatinib (YN968D1) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of multiple ATP-binding cassette transporters. Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 15;70(20):7981-91.
7 Characterization of efflux transporters involved in distribution and disposition of apixaban. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Apr;41(4):827-35.
8 Differential Influence of the Antiretroviral Pharmacokinetic Enhancers Ritonavir and Cobicistat on Intestinal P-Glycoprotein Transport and the Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Disposition of Dabigatran. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Oct 24;61(11). pii: e01201-17.
9 Effects of the ABCG2 and ABCB1 drug transporter polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of bicalutamide in humans. Clin Chim Acta. 2015 Jan 1;438:7-11.
10 The impact of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein on the brain pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a panel of MEK inhibitors. Int J Cancer. 2018 Jan 15;142(2):381-391.
11 NDA/BLA Multidisciplinary Review and Evaluation of ALUNBRIG (brigatinib) From FDA.
12 Role of transporter-mediated efflux in the placental biodisposition of bupropion and its metabolite, OH-bupropion. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 1;80(7):1080-6.
13 In vitro and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic based assessment of drug-drug interaction potential of canagliflozin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 May;83(5):1082-1096.
14 Arginine-482 is not essential for transport of antibiotics, primary bile acids and unconjugated sterols by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Biochem J. 2005 Jan 15;385(Pt 2):419-26.
15 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
16 ABCG2 modulates chlorothiazide permeability--in vitro-characterization of its interactions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2012;27(3):349-53.
17 Characterization of the role of ABCG2 as a bile acid transporter in liver and placenta. Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Feb;81(2):273-83.
18 Progesterone acts via progesterone receptors A and B to regulate breast cancer resistance protein expression. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;73(3):613-5.
19 Fluoroquinolone efflux mediated by ABC transporters. J Pharm Sci. 2008 Sep;97(9):3483-93.
20 Inhibiting the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Mar 1;77(5):781-93.
21 Contribution of the drug transporter ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) to resistance against anticancer nucleosides. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Sep;7(9):3092-102.
22 Mechanisms limiting distribution of the threonine-protein kinase B-RaF(V600E) inhibitor dabrafenib to the brain: implications for the treatment of melanoma brain metastases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Mar;344(3):655-64.
23 Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) induces cellular resistance to HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Jan;63(1):65-72.
24 Interaction of nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib with ABCB1 and ABCG2: implications for altered anti-cancer effects and pharmacological properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):1153-64.
25 Functional characterization of the human multidrug transporter, ABCG2, expressed in insect cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 6;285(1):111-7.
26 A prediction model of substrates and non-substrates of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) developed by GA-CG-SVM method. Comput Biol Med. 2011 Nov;41(11):1006-13.
27 Transport of diclofenac by breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) and stimulation of multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2)-mediated drug transport by diclofenac and benzbromarone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):129-36.
28 ABCG2: a perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Jan 31;61(1):3-13.
29 Ixabepilone, a novel microtubule-targeting agent for breast cancer, is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1/ABCB1) but not breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 May;337(2):423-32.
30 Doxorubicin transport by RALBP1 and ABCG2 in lung and breast cancer. Int J Oncol. 2007 Mar;30(3):717-25.
31 Assessment of the pharmacokinetic interaction between eltrombopag and lopinavir-ritonavir in healthy adult subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Jun;56(6):2846-51.
32 KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01913)
33 Elucidation of the Impact of P-glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein on the Brain Distribution of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Dec;45(12):1282-1291.
34 Multiple SLC and ABC Transporters Contribute to the Placental Transfer of Entecavir. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Mar;45(3):269-278.
35 Functions of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in chemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Jan 31;61(1):26-33.
36 Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20645-51.
37 ABCG2 transports sulfated conjugates of steroids and xenobiotics. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22644-9.
38 Differential selectivity of efflux transporter inhibitors in Caco-2 and MDCK-MDR1 monolayers: a strategy to assess the interaction of a new chemical entity with P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2. J Pharm Sci. 2012 May;101(5):1888-97.
39 Characterization of 3-methoxy flavones for their interaction with ABCG2 as suggested by ATPase activity. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Nov;1838(11):2929-38.
40 Complex pharmacokinetic behavior of ezetimibe depends on abcc2, abcc3, and abcg2. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Aug;37(8):1698-702.
41 Role of BCRP as a biomarker for predicting resistance to 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 May;63(6):1103-10.
42 Evaluation of the usefulness of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) knockout mice and BCRP inhibitor-treated monkeys to estimate the clinical impact of BCRP modulation on the pharmacokinetics of BCRP substrates. Pharm Res. 2015 May;32(5):1634-47.
43 The effect of low pH on breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)-mediated transport of methotrexate, 7-hydroxymethotrexate, methotrexate diglutamate, folic acid, mitoxantrone, topotecan, and resveratrol in in vitro drug transport models. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;71(1):240-9.
44 Side populations of glioblastoma cells are less sensitive to HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system than the non-side population. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2010 Jun;46(6):497-501.
45 Glyburide transport across the human placenta. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Mar;125(3):583-8.
46 Glutathione transport is a unique function of the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG2. J Biol Chem. 2010 May 28;285(22):16582-7.
47 Involvement of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) in the biliary excretion mechanism of fluoroquinolones. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1873-9.
48 Interaction of the breast cancer resistance protein with plant polyphenols. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Apr 23;317(1):269-75.
49 MDR-ABC transporters: biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013 Sep-Oct;31(5):779-87.
50 Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
51 DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB09054)
52 Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is a substrate for the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ABCG2 drug pump. Blood. 2004 Nov 1;104(9):2940-2.
53 Cyclosporin A, tacrolimus and sirolimus are potent inhibitors of the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) and reverse resistance to mitoxantrone and topotecan. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;58(3):374-83.
54 The effect of ABCG2 V12M, Q141K and Q126X, known functional variants in vitro, on the disposition of lamivudine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;64(5):645-54.
55 The role of efflux and uptake transporters in [N-{3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}-6-[5-({[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-furyl]-4-quinazolinamine (GW572016, lapatinib) disposition and drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Apr;36(4):695-701.
56 Leflunomide and its metabolite A771726 are high affinity substrates of BCRP: implications for drug resistance. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jul;68(7):1201-7.
57 The naphthoquinones, vitamin K3 and its structural analogue plumbagin, are substrates of the multidrug resistance linked ATP binding cassette drug transporter ABCG2. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Dec;6(12 Pt 1):3279-86.
58 Role of human placental apical membrane transporters in the efflux of glyburide, rosiglitazone, and metformin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Apr;202(4):383.e1-7.
59 Wild-type breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a methotrexate polyglutamate transporter. Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 1;63(17):5538-43.
60 Moxidectin and the avermectins: Consanguinity but not identity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2012 Apr 14;2:134-53.
61 Influence of drug transporters and UGT polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of phenolic glucuronide metabolite of mycophenolic acid in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Oct;30(5):559-64.
62 The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) affects pharmacokinetics, hepatobiliary excretion, and milk secretion of the antibiotic nitrofurantoin. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 May;67(5):1758-64.
63 Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) transports fluoroquinolone antibiotics and affects their oral availability, pharmacokinetics, and milk secretion. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):690-5.
64 Effect of ABCG2 on cytotoxicity of platinum drugs: interference of EGFP. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Dec;22(8):1846-52.
65 Efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier limit delivery and efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (PD-0332991) in an orthotopic brain tumor model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Nov;355(2):264-71.
66 Mechanism of the pharmacokinetic interaction between methotrexate and benzimidazoles: potential role for breast cancer resistance protein in clinical drug-drug interactions. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 15;64(16):5804-11.
67 Bioavailability, metabolism and disposition of oral pazopanib in patients with advanced cancer. Xenobiotica. 2013 May;43(5):443-53.
68 pH-Dependent transport of pemetrexed by breast cancer resistance protein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Sep;39(9):1478-85.
69 Involvement of BCRP (ABCG2) in the biliary excretion of pitavastatin. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;68(3):800-7.
70 DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB08901)
71 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
72 P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein expression and function at the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (choroid plexus) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Brain Res. 2011 Jan 25;1370:238-45.
73 Mutant Gly482 and Thr482 ABCG2 mediate high-level resistance to lipophilic antifolates. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;58(6):826-34.
74 Co-administration of proton pump inhibitors delays elimination of plasma methotrexate in high-dose methotrexate therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;67(1):44-9.
75 Pharmacogenomic importance of ABCG2. Pharmacogenomics. 2008 Aug;9(8):1005-9.
76 Multidrug transporter ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein secretes riboflavin (vitamin B2) into milk. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;27(4):1247-53.
77 Interactions between riluzole and ABCG2/BCRP transporter. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Mar 6;452(1):12-6.
78 Absence of both MDR1 (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) transporters significantly alters rivaroxaban disposition and central nervous system entry. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Mar;112(3):164-70.
79 ATP-binding cassette transporters in human heart failure. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2008 May;377(3):231-43.
80 Involvement of multiple transporters in the hepatobiliary transport of rosuvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Oct;36(10):2014-23.
81 Nicotine and cotinine increases the brain penetration of saquinavir in rat. J Neurochem. 2010 Dec;115(6):1495-507.
82 Double-transduced MDCKII cells to study human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) interplay in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Mol Pharm. 2011 Apr 4;8(2):571-82.
83 Curcumin inhibits the activity of ABCG2/BCRP1, a multidrug resistance-linked ABC drug transporter in mice. Pharm Res. 2009 Feb;26(2):480-7.
84 DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB11760)
85 The phytoestrogen genistein enhances multidrug resistance in breast cancer cell lines by translational regulation of ABC transporters. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jun 28;376(1):165-72.
86 Association of the ABCG2 C421A polymorphism with prostate cancer risk and survival. BJU Int. 2008 Dec;102(11):1694-9.
87 Differential inhibition of murine Bcrp1/Abcg2 and human BCRP/ABCG2 by the mycotoxin fumitremorgin C. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 10;644(1-3):41-8.
88 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and multidrug resistance proteins: interactions and biological consequences. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;65(2):335-46.
89 The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate enhances the efficacy of photodynamic therapy by inhibiting ABCG2. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 15;13(8):2463-70.
90 Effect of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp/Abcg2) on the disposition of phytoestrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;72(4):967-75.
91 Drug efflux transporters, MRP1 and BCRP, affect the outcome of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2009 Dec;8(12):1716-23.
92 The transport of nifurtimox, an anti-trypanosomal drug, in an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier: evidence for involvement of breast cancer resistance protein. Brain Res. 2012 Feb 3;1436:111-21.
93 Involvement of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein in the transport of belotecan and topotecan in Caco-2 and MDCKII cells. Pharm Res. 2008 Nov;25(11):2601-12.
94 The beta-carboline alkaloid harmine inhibits BCRP and can reverse resistance to the anticancer drugs mitoxantrone and camptothecin in breast cancer cells. Phytother Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):146-9.
95 Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide When Coadministered With Other HIV Antiretrovirals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Aug 1;78(4):465-472.
96 The short-chain fatty acid butyrate is a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 Nov;301(5):C984-94.
97 Extra-renal elimination of uric acid via intestinal efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e30456.
98 C421 allele-specific ABCG2 gene amplification confers resistance to the antitumor triazoloacridone C-1305 in human lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 30;74(1):41-53.
99 The novel BCR-ABL and FLT3 inhibitor ponatinib is a potent inhibitor of the MDR-associated ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Sep;11(9):2033-44.
100 Substrate affinity of photosensitizers derived from chlorophyll-a: the ABCG2 transporter affects the phototoxic response of side population stem cell-like cancer cells to photodynamic therapy. Mol Pharm. 2010 Oct 4;7(5):1789-804.
101 Transport of anthelmintic benzimidazole drugs by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):614-8.
102 ABCG2: a potential marker of stem cells and novel target in stem cell and cancer therapy. Life Sci. 2010 Apr 24;86(17-18):631-7.
103 Optimization of the antitumor activity of sequence-specific pyrrolobenzodiazepine derivatives based on their affinity for ABC transporters. AAPS J. 2010 Dec;12(4):617-27.
104 Transport of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) by breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2 in human lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Nov 9;288(4):827-32.
105 American Association for Cancer Research.
106 Multi-drug-resistance-reverting agents: 2-aryloxazole and 2-arylthiazole derivatives as potent BCRP or MRP1 inhibitors. ChemMedChem. 2009 Feb;4(2):188-95.
107 Estradiol induces export of sphingosine 1-phosphate from breast cancer cells via ABCC1 and ABCG2. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 2;285(14):10477-86.
108 Human and rat ABC transporter efflux of bisphenol a and bisphenol a glucuronide: interspecies comparison and implications for pharmacokinetic assessment. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Aug;128(2):317-25.
109 Becatecarin (rebeccamycin analog, NSC 655649) is a transport substrate and induces expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCG2, in lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;64(3):575-83.
110 Transport of selected PET radiotracers by human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2): an in vitro screening. J Nucl Med. 2011 Mar;52(3):415-23.
111 Role of the breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) in drug transport. AAPS J. 2005 May 11;7(1):E118-33.
112 Alectinib (CH5424802) antagonizes ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. Exp Mol Med. 2017 Mar 17;49(3):e303.
113 P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in acute myeloid leukaemia cells treated with the aurora-B kinase inhibitor barasertib-hQPA. BMC Cancer. 2011 Jun 16;11:254.
114 Drug efflux by breast cancer resistance protein is a mechanism of resistance to the benzimidazole insulin-like growth factor receptor/insulin receptor inhibitor, BMS-536924. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Jan;10(1):117-25.
115 Interaction of enrofloxacin with breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): influence of flavonoids and role in milk secretion in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;29(4):279-87.
116 ABCG2: determining its relevance in clinical drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Mar;26(1):39-57.
117 Role of the ABCG2 drug transporter in the resistance and oral bioavailability of a potent cyclin-dependent kinase/Aurora kinase inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Oct;5(10):2459-67.
118 P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) restrict brain accumulation of the active sunitinib metabolite N-desethyl sunitinib. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Apr;341(1):164-73.
119 Identification of compounds that correlate with ABCG2 transporter function in the National Cancer Institute Anticancer Drug Screen. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;76(5):946-56.
120 Mechanistic studies on the absorption and disposition of scutellarin in humans: selective OATP2B1-mediated hepatic uptake is a likely key determinant for its unique pharmacokinetic characteristics. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Oct;40(10):2009-20.
121 Identification of ABCG2 as an Exporter of Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate in Mice and as a Crucial Factor Influencing CKD Progression. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 24;8(1):11147.
122 Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8.
123 Transport of methotrexate, methotrexate polyglutamates, and 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-D-glucuronide) by ABCG2: effects of acquired mutations at R482 on methotrexate transport. Cancer Res. 2003 Jul 15;63(14):4048-54.
124 Nilotinib (AMN107, Tasigna) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the activity of the ABCB1/Pgp and ABCG2/BCRP/MXR transporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jul 15;78(2):153-61.
125 Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Pharm Res. 2008 Aug;25(8):1807-14.
126 Kinetic characterization of sulfasalazine transport by human ATP-binding cassette G2. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 Mar;32(3):497-9.
127 Functional validation of the genetic polymorphisms of human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2: identification of alleles that are defective in porphyrin transport. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Jul;70(1):287-96.

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