Drug Transporter (DT) Information

General Information of DT
DT ID	DTD0003
Gene Name	ABCB1
Protein Name	P-glycoprotein 1
Gene ID	5243
UniProt ID	P08183
TCDB ID	3.A.1.201.1
3D Structure	Modelled DT Structure Method: loop building Template PDB: 7A69_A Identity: 99.74% Minimized Score: -3251.1 kcal/mol Detail: Structure Info
Synonyms	ABC20; ABCB1; ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1; CD243; CLCS; GP170; MDR1; P-GP; PGY1; hMDR1
DT Family	ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Superfamily
DT Family	Multidrug Resistance Exporter (MDR) Family (ABCB)
Tissue Specificity	Intestinal enterocyte, kidney proximal tubule, hepatocyte (canalicular), brain endothelia, high expression on the surface of many transformed and tumor cell lines
Function	This energy-dependent efflux pump transporter responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Disease(s)	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ICD-11: CA22]
	Colorectal cancer [ICD-11: 2B91]
	Fibromyalgia [ICD-11: MG30.01]
	Human immunodeficiency virus infection [ICD-11: 1C62.Z]
	Malaria [ICD-11: 1F40]
	Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis [ICD-11: FA20]
	Organ transplant rejection [ICD-11: NE84]
	Overactive bladder disorder [ICD-11: GC50.0]
Endogenous Substrate(s)	Anphiphilic compouds; Histamines; Long-chain fatty acids; Organic cations; Phospholipids; Sterols
Variability Data of This Drug Transporter (DT)
Regulatory Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 3.0)
(α) Microbiota Influence of This DT	Microbiota Influence (MBI)
(β) Post-translational Modification of This DT	Post-translational Modification (PTM)
(γ) Transcriptional Regulation of This DT	Transcriptional Regulation (TSR)
(δ) Epigenetic Regulation of This DT	Epigenetic Regulation (EGR)
(ε) Exogenous Modulation of This DT	Exogenous Modulation (EGM)
Structural Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 2.0)
(α) Mutation-induced Structural Variation	Mutation-induced Structural Variation (MSV)
(β) Inter-species Structural Differences	Inter-species Structural Differences (ISD)
(γ) Outward/inward-facing Conformation	Outward/inward-facing Conformation (OIC)
(δ) Xenobiotics-regulated Structural Variability	Xenobiotics-regulated Structural Variability (XSV)
General Variability Data of This DT (VARIDT 1.0)
(α) Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT	Genetic Polymorphisms of This DT (GPD)
(β) Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT	Disease-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (DPAD)
(γ) Species- and Tissue-specific DT Abundances	Species/Tissue-specific Protein Abundances of This DT (S/TPAD)
Molecular Transporting Profile of This DT
Full List of Drug(s) Transported by This DT
Approved Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 330 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Indication	ICD 11	Ref
Abacavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[1]
Acebutolol	Approved	Drug Info	Ventricular premature beats	BC70	[2]
Acrivastine	Approved	Drug Info	Seasonal allergic rhinitis	CA08.01	[3]
Actinomycin D	Approved	Drug Info	Rhabdomyosarcoma	2B55	[4]
Afatinib	Approved	Drug Info	Non-small cell lung cancer	2C25	[5]
Ajmaline	Approved	Drug Info	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	[6]
Albendazole	Approved	Drug Info	Parasitic worm infestations	1F90	[7]
Aldosterone	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[8]
Aliskiren fumarate	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[9]
Ambrisentan	Approved	Drug Info	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	[10]
Amiodarone	Approved	Drug Info	Tachyarrhythmias	BC71, BC81	[4]
Amisulpride	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Amitriptyline	Approved	Drug Info	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	[12]
Amoxicillin	Approved	Drug Info	Streptococcal pharyngitis	1B51	[2]
Amphotericin B	Approved	Drug Info	Fungal infections	1F20-1F2Z	[13]
Amprenavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[4]
Apixaban	Approved	Drug Info	Thrombosis	BD71.4, BD72	[14]
Apremilast	Approved	Drug Info	Plaque psoriasis	EA90.0	[15]
Aprepitant	Approved	Drug Info	Nausea and vomiting	MD90	[16]
Arsenic trioxide	Approved	Drug Info	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	2B33.0	[17]
Aspirin	Approved	Drug Info	Pain	MG30-MG7Z	[12]
Atenolol	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[18]
Atomoxetine	Approved	Drug Info	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	6A05	[16]
Atorvastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hyperlipidaemia	5C8Z	[15]
Axitinib	Approved	Drug Info	Advanced renal cell carcinoma	2C90	[19]
Azasetron	Approved	Drug Info	Nausea and vomiting	MD90	[2]
Azathioprine	Approved	Drug Info	Organ transplant rejection	NE84	[12]
Azithromycin	Approved	Drug Info	Traveler's diarrhea	ME05.1	[20]
Baloxavir marboxil	Approved	Drug Info	Influenza A infection	1.00E+31	[21]
Baricitinib	Approved	Drug Info	Psoriasis	EA90	[22]
Beclomethasone	Approved	Drug Info	Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[23]
Bepridil	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic stable angina	BA40	[4]
Beta-Acetyldigoxin	Approved	Drug Info	Cardiovascular disorder	BA00-BE2Z	[24]
Beta-Carotene	Approved	Drug Info	Vitamin deficiency	5B55-5B7Z	[13]
Betamethasone	Approved	Drug Info	Asthma	CA23	[25]
Betrixaban	Approved	Drug Info	Venous thromboembolism	BD72	[26]
Bicalutamide	Approved	Drug Info	Prostate cancer	2C82	[27]
Binimetinib	Approved	Drug Info	Melanoma	2C30	[28]
Boceprevir	Approved	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[29]
Bortezomib	Approved	Drug Info	Mantle cell lymphoma	2A85.5	[30]
Bosutinib	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic myelogenous leukemia	2A20.0	[31]
Brilinta	Approved	Drug Info	Thrombosis	BD71.4, BD72	[32]
Bromocriptine	Approved	Drug Info	Type 2 diabetes	5A11	[16]
Bupropion	Approved	Drug Info	Smoking cessation	6C4A.2	[33]
Cabergoline	Approved	Drug Info	Hyperprolactinemia	5A60.1	[34]
Canagliflozin	Approved	Drug Info	Type 2 diabetes	5A11	[35]
Cannabidiol	Approved	Drug Info	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	[32]
Carfilzomib	Approved	Drug Info	Multiple myeloma	2A83	[36]
Carvedilol	Approved	Drug Info	Congestive heart failure	BD10	[15]
Cefoperazone	Approved	Drug Info	Pseudomonas bacterial infections	1B92	[4]
Cefotetan	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[2]
Ceftriaxone	Approved	Drug Info	Pneumonia	CA40	[4]
Celiprolol	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[37]
Cepharanthine	Approved	Drug Info	Thrombocytopenia	3B64	[38]
Ceritinib	Approved	Drug Info	Non-small cell lung cancer	2C25	[39]
Cerivastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hyperlipidaemia	5C8Z	[40]
Cetirizine	Approved	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[41]
Chlorambucil	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	2A82.0	[4]
Chloramphenicol	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[42]
Chloroquine	Approved	Drug Info	Malaria	1F40	[16]
Chlorpromazine	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[4]
Ciclesonide	Approved	Drug Info	Asthma	CA23	[23]
Cimetidine	Approved	Drug Info	Acid reflux disorder	DA22	[4]
Cinchonidine	Approved	Drug Info	Malaria	1F40	[2]
Cisplatin	Approved	Drug Info	Testicular cancer	2C80	[4]
Citalopram	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[43]
Clarithromycin	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[4]
Clobazam	Approved	Drug Info	Epilepsy	8A6Z	[15]
Clofazimine	Approved	Drug Info	Leprosy	1B20	[44]
Clomifene	Approved	Drug Info	Female infertility	GA31	[45]
Clomiphene citrate	Approved	Drug Info	Female infertility due to anovulation	GA31	[45]
Clomipramine	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[16]
Clonidine	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[12]
Clopidogrel	Approved	Drug Info	Thrombosis	BD71.4, BD72	[46]
Clozapine	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Colchicine	Approved	Drug Info	Acute gouty arthritis	FA25	[47]
Cortisone	Approved	Drug Info	Atopic dermatitis	EA80	[25]
Crizotinib	Approved	Drug Info	Non-small cell lung cancer	2C25	[48]
Cyclosporine	Approved	Drug Info	Xerophthalmia	5B55.Y	[49]
Cytarabine	Approved	Drug Info	Acute myeloid leukemia	2A60	[4]
Dabigatran	Approved	Drug Info	Stroke in atrial fibrillation	8B11.20	[50]
Dabrafenib	Approved	Drug Info	Melanoma	2C30	[51]
Daclatasvir	Approved	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[50]
Dactinomycin	Approved	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[52]
Darunavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[53]
Dasatinib	Approved	Drug Info	Multiple myeloma	2A83	[54]
Daunorubicin	Approved	Drug Info	Acute myeloid leukemia	2A60	[4]
Debrisoquine	Approved	Drug Info	Hypertension	BA00	[55]
Deflazacort	Approved	Drug Info	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	8C70.1	[32]
Delavirdine	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[1]
Desipramine	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[56]
Desloratadine	Approved	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[57]
Dexamethasone	Approved	Drug Info	Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	[58]
Diazepam	Approved	Drug Info	Anxiety	MB24.3	[59]
Dicloxacillin	Approved	Drug Info	Susceptible gram-positive bacteria infections	1A00-1H0Z	[60]
Diethylstilbestrol	Approved	Drug Info	Gonorrheal vaginitis	GA02.1	[45]
Digitoxin	Approved	Drug Info	Heart failure	BD1Z	[61]
Digoxin	Approved	Drug Info	Arrhythmias	BC60-BC9Z	[62]
Dihydroergocristine	Approved	Drug Info	Alcohol use disorders	6C40	[63]
Diltiazem	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[4]
Dipyridamole	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[16]
Docetaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Lung cancer	2C25	[64]
Dolutegravir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[15]
Domperidone	Approved	Drug Info	Gastrointestinal problems	DE2Z	[11]
Doxorubicin	Approved	Drug Info	Leukemia	2A60-2B33	[65]
Doxorubicin	Approved	Drug Info	Leukemia	2A60-2B33	[66]
Doxycycline	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[4]
Edoxaban	Approved	Drug Info	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	[67]
Efavirenz	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[2]
Eletriptan	Approved	Drug Info	Migraine Headaches	8A80	[16]
Eliglustat tartrate	Approved	Drug Info	Metabolic disorders	5C50	[32]
Emetine	Approved	Drug Info	Hepatitis virus infection	1E5Z	[52]
Empagliflozin	Approved	Drug Info	Type 1 diabetes	5A10	[32]
Epinastine	Approved	Drug Info	Cardiovascular disorder	BA00-BE2Z	[68]
Epirubicin	Approved	Drug Info	Node-positive breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[4]
Ergotamine	Approved	Drug Info	Headache	MB6Y	[16]
Erlotinib	Approved	Drug Info	Non-small cell lung cancer	2C25	[69]
Erythromycin	Approved	Drug Info	Pelvic inflammatory disease	GA05	[70]
Eslicarbazepine acetate	Approved	Drug Info	Partial seizures	8A68.0	[71]
Estradiol	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[45]
Estriol	Approved	Drug Info	Menopausal symptoms	MF32	[72]
Estrone	Approved	Drug Info	Postmenopausal disorder	GA30.Z	[72]
Estrone sulfate	Approved	Drug Info	Menopausal symptoms	MF32	[40]
Ethinyl estradiol	Approved	Drug Info	Female hypogonadism	5A61.0	[72]
Etoposide	Approved	Drug Info	Testicular cancer	2C80	[73]
Everolimus	Approved	Drug Info	Renal cell carcinoma	2C90	[74]
Ezetimibe	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[75]
Famciclovir	Approved	Drug Info	Viral infections	1D90-1D9Z	[3]
Felodipine	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[76]
Fentanyl	Approved	Drug Info	Analgesia	MB40.8	[4]
Fesoterodine fumarate	Approved	Drug Info	Overactive bladder disorder	GC50.0	[77]
Fexofenadine	Approved	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[78]
Fluorouracil	Approved	Drug Info	Stomach cancer	2B72	[4]
Fluoxetine	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[79]
Flupentixol	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Fluphenazine	Approved	Drug Info	Psychotic disorders	6A2Z	[11]
Fluticasone propionate	Approved	Drug Info	Asthma	CA23	[23]
Fluvastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[56]
Fluvoxamine	Approved	Drug Info	Obsessive compulsive disorder	6B20	[11]
Folic acid	Approved	Drug Info	Vitamin deficiency	5B55-5B7Z	[80]
Fosamprenavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[15]
Gatifloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[81]
Gefitinib	Approved	Drug Info	Urethral cancer	2F78	[82]
Gemcitabine	Approved	Drug Info	Cholangiocarcinoma	2C12.10	[83]
Gilteritinib	Approved	Drug Info	Acute myeloid leukemia	2A60	[32]
Glutathione	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[84]
Gramicidin D	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[4]
Grepafloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic bronchitis	CA20.1	[4]
Guanabenz	Approved	Drug Info	Hypertension	BA00	[56]
Haloperidol	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Hydrocortisone	Approved	Drug Info	Inflammatory disease	9B72	[23]
Hydroxyurea	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic myelogenous leukemia	2A20.0	[4]
Ibrutinib	Approved	Drug Info	Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia	2A85.4	[85]
Idarubicin	Approved	Drug Info	Acute myeloid leukemia	2A60	[86]
Imatinib	Approved	Drug Info	Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	2B5B	[87]
Imipramine	Approved	Drug Info	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	[12]
Indacaterol	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	[32]
Indinavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[88]
Indomethacin	Approved	Drug Info	Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	[89]
Ingenol-3-angelate	Approved	Drug Info	Actinic keratosis	EK90.0	[90]
Irinotecan	Approved	Drug Info	Colorectal cancer	2B91	[91]
Itraconazole	Approved	Drug Info	Fungal infections	1F20-1F2Z	[4]
Ivacaftor	Approved	Drug Info	Cystic fibrosis	CA25	[92]
Ivermectin	Approved	Drug Info	Strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite	1F6B	[93]
Ivosidenib	Approved	Drug Info	Cholangiocarcinoma	2C12.10	[94]
Ixabepilone	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[95]
Ketoconazole	Approved	Drug Info	Fungal infections	1F20-1F2Z	[4]
L-tryptophan	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[96]
Labetalol	Approved	Drug Info	Hypertension	BA00	[2]
Lamotrigine	Approved	Drug Info	Epilepsy	8A6Z	[97]
Lansoprazole	Approved	Drug Info	Peptic ulcer	DA61	[56]
Lapatinib	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[15]
Ledipasvir	Approved	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Lenalidomide	Approved	Drug Info	Anaemia	3A9Z	[98]
Lenvatinib	Approved	Drug Info	Ovarian cancer	2C73	[99]
Levetiracetam	Approved	Drug Info	Epilepsy	8A6Z	[100]
Levodopa	Approved	Drug Info	Parkinson's Disease	8A00.0	[2]
Levofloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Gram-positive & negative bacteria infections	1A00-1H0Z	[4]
Levomepromazine	Approved	Drug Info	Psychosis	6A2Y	[11]
Levomilnacipran	Approved	Drug Info	Fibromyalgia	MG30.01	[101]
Lidocaine	Approved	Drug Info	Ventricular tachycardia	BC71.0	[4]
Linagliptin	Approved	Drug Info	Type 2 diabetes	5A11	[15]
Loperamide	Approved	Drug Info	Acute diarrhea	ME05.1	[102]
Lopinavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[103]
Loratadine	Approved	Drug Info	Allergy	4A8Z	[57]
Losartan	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[104]
Lovastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[4]
Lovastatin acid	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[2]
Maraviroc	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[15]
Mefloquine	Approved	Drug Info	Malaria	1F40	[105]
Melphalan	Approved	Drug Info	Multiple myeloma	2A83	[106]
Meperidine	Approved	Drug Info	Moderate to severe pain	MG30-MG3Z	[107]
Mequitazine	Approved	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[3]
Methadone	Approved	Drug Info	Pain	MG30-MG7Z	[108]
Methotrexate	Approved	Drug Info	Leukemia	2A60-2B33	[4]
Methylprednisolone	Approved	Drug Info	Systemic lupus erythematosus	4A40.0	[109]
Methysergide	Approved	Drug Info	Migraine	8A80	[3]
Midazolam	Approved	Drug Info	Seizure	8A68	[56]
Midostaurin	Approved	Drug Info	Acute myeloid leukemia	2A60	[2]
Mitomycin	Approved	Drug Info	Anxiety	MB24.3	[110]
Mitoxantrone	Approved	Drug Info	Metastatic breast cancer	2C6Y	[4]
Morphine	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic pain	MG30	[111]
Moxidectin	Approved	Drug Info	Onchocerciasis	1F6A	[112]
Mycophenolate mofetil	Approved	Drug Info	Pemphigus vulgaris	EB40.0	[113]
Nadolol	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[15]
Nalbuphine	Approved	Drug Info	Pain	MG30-MG7Z	[3]
Naloxegol	Approved	Drug Info	Opioid-induced constipation	ME05.0	[15]
Nelfinavir	Approved	Drug Info	Sars coronavirus infections	1D92	[114]
Neostigmine	Approved	Drug Info	Myasthenia gravis	8C60	[16]
Nevirapine	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[2]
Nicardipine	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[58]
Nifedipine	Approved	Drug Info	Angina	BA40	[4]
Nilotinib	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic myelogenous leukemia	2A20.0	[32]
Nimodipine	Approved	Drug Info	Cerebral vasospasm	BA85.Z	[2]
Nintedanib	Approved	Drug Info	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	CB03.4	[115]
Nisoldipine	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[4]
Nitrendipine	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[4]
Nizatidine	Approved	Drug Info	Acid reflux disorder	DA22	[116]
Norfloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Urinary tract infections	GC08	[2]
Olanzapine	Approved	Drug Info	Bipolar disorder	6A60-6A61	[11]
Olaparib	Approved	Drug Info	Ovarian cancer	2C73	[117]
Olmesartan medoxomil	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[32]
Olopatadine	Approved	Drug Info	Itching of the eye due to allergic conjunctivitis	9A60.02	[2]
Omadacycline	Approved	Drug Info	Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia	CA40.0Z	[118]
Omeprazole	Approved	Drug Info	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	DA22	[56]
Ondansetron	Approved	Drug Info	Nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy	MD90	[105]
Oseltamivir	Approved	Drug Info	Influenza virus	1E30-1E32	[119]
Oxcarbazepine	Approved	Drug Info	Epilepsy	8A6Z	[120]
Paclitaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[121]
Palbociclib	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[122]
Paliperidone	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[123]
Panobinostat	Approved	Drug Info	Multiple myeloma	2A83	[124]
Pantoprazole	Approved	Drug Info	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	DA22	[56]
Paroxetine	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[16]
Pazopanib hydrochloride	Approved	Drug Info	Renal cell carcinoma	2C90	[125]
Pemirolast	Approved	Drug Info	Itching of the eye due to allergic conjunctivitis	9A60.02	[2]
Pentazocine	Approved	Drug Info	Moderate to severe pain	MG30-MG3Z	[4]
Perazine	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Perphenazine	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Phenobarbital	Approved	Drug Info	Seizure	8A68	[120]
Phenprocoumon	Approved	Drug Info	Pulmonary embolism	BB00	[126]
Phenytoin	Approved	Drug Info	Seizures following neurosurgery	8A6Z	[120]
Pibrentasvir	Approved	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Pimozide	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[2]
Pirarubicin	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[2]
Pirenzepine	Approved	Drug Info	Peptic ulcer	DA61	[3]
Pomalidomide	Approved	Drug Info	Systemic sclerosis	4A42.0	[127]
Ponatinib	Approved	Drug Info	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	2B33.0	[128]
Posaconazole	Approved	Drug Info	Aspergillosis	1F20	[32]
Pravastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[15]
Prazosin	Approved	Drug Info	Severe congestive heart failure	BD10	[129]
Prednisolone	Approved	Drug Info	Adrenocortical insufficiency	5A74	[130]
Prednisone	Approved	Drug Info	Inflammatory disease	9B72	[25]
Progesterone	Approved	Drug Info	Premature labour	JB00	[59]
Propafenone	Approved	Drug Info	Tachyarrhythmias	BC71, BC81	[4]
Propranolol	Approved	Drug Info	Migraine	8A80	[15]
Protriptyline	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[3]
Prucalopride	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic idiopathic constipation	ME05.0	[131]
Quetiapine	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[11]
Quinine	Approved	Drug Info	Malaria	1F40	[4]
Raloxifene	Approved	Drug Info	Osteoporosis	FB83.1	[133]
Ramosetron	Approved	Drug Info	Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	[134]
Ranitidine	Approved	Drug Info	Peptic ulcer	DA61	[4]
Ranolazine	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic angina	BA40	[135]
Regorafenib	Approved	Drug Info	Metastatic colorectal cancer	2B91	[136]
Reserpine	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[16]
Rifampicin	Approved	Drug Info	Tuberculosis	1B1Z	[4]
Rifaximin	Approved	Drug Info	Traveler's diarrhea	ME05.1	[137]
Riociguat	Approved	Drug Info	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	[138]
Risperidone	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[139]
Ritonavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[140]
Rivaroxaban	Approved	Drug Info	Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis	BD71	[141]
Romidepsin	Approved	Drug Info	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	2B0Z	[142]
Rosuvastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[143]
S-licarbazepine	Approved	Drug Info	Partial seizures	8A68.0	[71]
Saphris	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[2]
Saquinavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[144]
Saxagliptin	Approved	Drug Info	Type 2 diabetes	5A11	[15]
Sertraline	Approved	Drug Info	Depression	6A8Z	[16]
Silodosin	Approved	Drug Info	Benign prostatic hyperplasia	GA90	[145]
Simeprevir	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic hepatitis C infection	1E51.1	[32]
Simvastatin	Approved	Drug Info	Hypercholesterolemia	5C80.0	[4]
Sirolimus	Approved	Drug Info	Organ transplant rejection	NE84	[146]
Sitagliptin	Approved	Drug Info	Type 2 diabetes	5A11	[15]
Sofosbuvir	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic hepatitis C infection	1E51.1	[147]
Sorafenib	Approved	Drug Info	Pancreatic cancer	2C10	[148]
Sparfloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[4]
Spiperone	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[2]
Sumatriptan	Approved	Drug Info	Migraine Headaches	8A80	[149]
Sunitinib	Approved	Drug Info	Imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor	2B5B	[150]
Sunitinib malate	Approved	Drug Info	Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	2B5B	[151]
Tacrine	Approved	Drug Info	Alzheimer disease	8A20	[152]
Tacrolimus	Approved	Drug Info	Organ transplant rejection	NE84	[4]
Tadalafil	Approved	Drug Info	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	[153]
Talazoparib	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[154]
Tamoxifen	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[4]
Telaprevir	Approved	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[29]
Telithromycin	Approved	Drug Info	Community acquired pneumonia	CA40	[155]
Temsirolimus	Approved	Drug Info	Renal cell carcinoma	2C90	[156]
Teniposide	Approved	Drug Info	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	2B33.0	[4]
Tenofovir	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[32]
Tenoxicam	Approved	Drug Info	Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	[2]
Testosterone	Approved	Drug Info	Osteoporosis	FB83.1	[56]
Tetracycline	Approved	Drug Info	Gram-positive & negative bacteria infections	1A00-1H0Z	[4]
Thiamphenicol	Approved	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[42]
Thioridazine	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[16]
Timolol	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[37]
Tolvaptan	Approved	Drug Info	Hypervolaemic hyponatraemia	5C72	[157]
Topiramate	Approved	Drug Info	Partial seizures	8A68.0	[158]
Topotecan	Approved	Drug Info	Ovarian cancer	2C73	[159]
Toremifene	Approved	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[45]
Tramadol	Approved	Drug Info	Pain	MG30-MG7Z	[160]
Tretinoin	Approved	Drug Info	Acne vulgaris	ED80	[13]
Trifluoperazine	Approved	Drug Info	Generalized non-psychotic anxiety	6B00	[4]
Triflupromazine	Approved	Drug Info	Psychosis	6A2Y	[2]
Trimethoprim	Approved	Drug Info	Urinary tract infections	GC08	[16]
Triprolidine	Approved	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[161]
Trospium chloride	Approved	Drug Info	Overactive bladder	GC50.0	[162]
Vecuronium	Approved	Drug Info	Spasms	MB47.3	[105]
Vemurafenib	Approved	Drug Info	Thyroid cancer	2D10	[163]
Venetoclax	Approved	Drug Info	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	2A82.0	[164]
Verapamil	Approved	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[165]
Vildagliptin	Approved	Drug Info	Type 2 diabetes	5A11	[166]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Testicular cancer	2C80	[167]
Vincristine	Approved	Drug Info	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	2B33.0	[168]
Vindesine	Approved	Drug Info	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	2B33.0	[2]
Vinorelbine	Approved	Drug Info	Non-small cell lung cancer	2C25	[169]
Zidovudine	Approved	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[1]
Ziprasidone	Approved	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[16]
Zolmitriptan	Approved	Drug Info	Migraine without aura	8A80.0	[16]
Clinical Trial Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 48 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Indication	ICD 11	Ref
Beclomethasone dipropionate	Phase 4	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[23]
Berberine	Phase 4	Drug Info	Diabetes	5A10-5A14	[170]
Biotin	Phase 4	Drug Info	Biotin ingestion	5B5G	[171]
Ebastine	Phase 4	Drug Info	Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	[2]
Guanfacine	Phase 4	Drug Info	Primary liver cancer	2C12.0	[172]
Ombitasvir	Phase 4	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Tenofovir disoproxil	Phase 4	Drug Info	Chronic hepatitis B infection	1E51.0	[2]
4-Hydroxytamoxifen	Phase 3	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[45]
Asimadoline	Phase 3	Drug Info	Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	[4]
Asunaprevir	Phase 3	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[32]
Belotecan	Phase 3	Drug Info	Non-small cell lung cancer	2C25	[2]
Corticosterone	Phase 3	Drug Info	Coxarthrosis	FA00	[45]
Crocin	Phase 3	Drug Info	Knee osteoarthritis	FA01	[13]
Dasabuvir	Phase 3	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Morphine-6-glucuronide	Phase 3	Drug Info	Postoperative Pain	MG31.2	[2]
Pazufloxacin	Phase 3	Drug Info	Bacterial conjunctivitis	9A60	[173]
Relugolix	Phase 3	Drug Info	Endometriosis	GA10	[32]
Simvastatin acid	Phase 3	Drug Info	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	[174]
Tenofovir alafenamide	Phase 3	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[175]
Vibegron	Phase 3	Drug Info	Overactive bladder disorder	GC50.0	[32]
Sitafloxacin	Phase 2/3	Drug Info	Escherichia Coli Infections	1A03	[2]
(Z)-endoxifen	Phase 2	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[176]
ABT-263	Phase 2	Drug Info	Myelofibrosis	2A20.2	[177]
Bisantrene	Phase 2	Drug Info	Acute myelogenous leukemia	2B33.1	[4]
Cholesterol	Phase 2	Drug Info	Cone-Rod dystrophy	9B70	[178]
CP-122721	Phase 2	Drug Info	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	[179]
Curcumin	Phase 2	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[4]
Dihydrotestosterone	Phase 2	Drug Info	Female hypogonadism	5A61.0	[180]
Dolastatin 10	Phase 2	Drug Info	Leukemia	2A60-2B33	[181]
Flavonoids	Phase 2	Drug Info	Colorectal cancer	2B91	[4]
Fucoxanthin	Phase 2	Drug Info	Metabolic syndrome	5A40-5A4Z	[13]
Gallopamil	Phase 2	Drug Info	Asthma	CA23	[2]
Gepirone	Phase 2	Drug Info	Cocaine related disorders	6C45	[2]
Glecaprevir	Phase 2	Drug Info	Chronic hepatitis C infection	1E51.1	[15]
Norverapamil	Phase 2	Drug Info	Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	[182]
NSC325663	Phase 2	Drug Info	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	[66]
Paritaprevir	Phase 2	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Roscovitine	Phase 2	Drug Info	Cystic fibrosis	CA25	[183]
Staurosporine	Phase 2	Drug Info	Discovery agent	N.A.	[2]
Genz 644282	Phase 1	Drug Info	Solid tumours	2D4Z	[184]
Naringenin	Phase 1	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[132]
Norbuprenorphine	Phase 1	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[185]
Prostaglandin A2	Phase 1	Drug Info	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62.Z	[186]
Sphingosine-1-phosphate	Phase 1	Drug Info	Acne vulgaris	ED80	[187]
Substance P	Phase 1	Drug Info	Type 1 diabetes	5A10	[188]
Talinolol	Phase 1	Drug Info	Gastrointestinal motility disorder	DE2Z	[189]
Velpatasvir	Phase 1	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Voxilaprevir	Phase 1	Drug Info	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E50.2, 1E51.1	[15]
Phase 3 Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 1 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Indication	ICD 11	Ref
Quercetin	Phase 3	Drug Info	Coronary artery disease	BA6Z	[132]
Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 47 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Indication	ICD 11	Ref
Alprenolol	Withdrawn	Drug Info	High blood pressure	BA00	[56]
Astemizole	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	[16]
Isoxicam	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Osteoarthritis	FA0Z	[2]
Melagatran	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	[2]
Mibefradil	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Ovarian cancer	2C73	[2]
Mithramycin	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[2]
Roxithromycin	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[155]
Terfenadine	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Allergy	4A8Z	[4]
Trans-flupentixol	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Schizophrenia	6A20	[4]
Ximelagatran	Withdrawn	Drug Info	Discovery agent	N.A.	[2]
Flesinoxan	Discontinued in Phase 3	Drug Info	Anxiety disorder	6B00	[190]
Valspodar	Discontinued in Phase 3	Drug Info	Acute myeloid leukemia	2A60	[4]
Apafant	Discontinued in Phase 2	Drug Info	Conjunctivitis	9A60	[191]
Dexniguldipine	Discontinued in Phase 2	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[66]
Droloxifene	Discontinued in Phase 2	Drug Info	Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[2]
Hydroxybupropion	Discontinued in Phase 2	Drug Info	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	[33]
S9788	Discontinued in Phase 2	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[2]
Tolafentrine	Discontinued in Phase 2	Drug Info	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	[56]
Pafenolol	Discontinued in Phase 1	Drug Info	Hypertension	BA00	[2]
Rhodamine 123	Discontinued in Phase 1	Drug Info	Prostate cancer	2C82	[58]
Abamectin B1A	Preclinical	Drug Info	Parasitic worm infestations	1F90	[192]
AG1478	Preclinical	Drug Info	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	2B6B	[193]
BMS-3870032	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[2]
Bouvardin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[66]
Cephaeline	Preclinical	Drug Info	Accidental poisoning	PB20-PB29	[66]
Coelenterazine	Preclinical	Drug Info	Inflammatory bowel disease	DD7Z	[194]
Cycloheximide	Preclinical	Drug Info	Fungal infections	1F20-1F2Z	[13]
Desmethylsertraline	Preclinical	Drug Info	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	[33]
E-guggulsterone	Preclinical	Drug Info	Osteoarthritis	FA0Z	[195]
Epothilone A	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[2]
Geneticin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[196]
Metildigoxin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cardiac arrhythmias	BC9Z	[32]
Metkephamid	Preclinical	Drug Info	Pain	MG30-MG7Z	[66]
MG-132	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[197]
N-desethyl sunitinib	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[198]
Nafoxidine	Preclinical	Drug Info	Advanced breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	[45]
Nogalamycin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[66]
Nonactin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[52]
Okadaic acid	Preclinical	Drug Info	Alzheimer disease	8A20	[66]
Pepstatin A	Preclinical	Drug Info	Follicular lymphoma	2A80	[4]
Puromycin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Bacterial infections	1A00-1H0Z	[196]
Selamectin	Preclinical	Drug Info	Infections disease	1H0Z	[192]
Silvestrol	Preclinical	Drug Info	Cancer	2A00-2F9Z	[199]
Bunitrolol	Preclinical	Drug Info	Discovery agent	N.A.	[200]
ABT-737	Terminated	Drug Info	Discovery agent	N.A.	[177]
Calphostin C	Terminated	Drug Info	Discovery agent	N.A.	[2]
Niguldipine	Terminated	Drug Info	Discovery agent	N.A.	[2]
Endogenous Metabolites (EMs) Handled by This DT
Endogenous Metabolites (EMs)			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of EMs: 1 EMs in Total
EM Name	PubChem CID	Detail	Experimental Material		Ref
Estradiol-17beta-glucuronide	5281887	EM Info	Identified using isolated perfused rat liver		[201]
Drug-DT Affinity Assessed by Cell Line
Approved Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 65 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Cell Line	Affinity	Ref
Chlorpromazine	Approved	Drug Info	Baculovirus-infected insect cells-MDR1	Km = 27.4 microM	[202]
Clozapine	Approved	Drug Info	Baculovirus-infected insect cells-MDR1	Km = 58 microM	[202]
Colchicine	Approved	Drug Info	CEM/VLB100 cells-MDR1	Km = 1.33 microM	[203]
Colchicine	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 1640 microM	[73]
Colchicine	Approved	Drug Info	KB-V1 cells-overexpress MDR1	Km = 45 microM	[204]
Cyclosporine	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 0.17 microM	[59]
Cyclosporine	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 3.8 microM	[205]
Cyclosporine	Approved	Drug Info	LLC-PK1 cells-MDR1	Km = 8.4 microM	[206]
Daunorubicin	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 1.74 microM	[59]
Dexamethasone	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 826 microM	[58]
Diazepam	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 72.4 microM	[59]
Digoxin	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 25.9 microM	[59]
Digoxin	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 73 microM	[144]
Digoxin	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 177 microM	[73]
Digoxin	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 181 microM	[58]
Doxorubicin	Approved	Drug Info	KB-V1 cells-overexpress MDR1	Km = 3 microM	[204]
Etoposide	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 461 microM	[73]
Etoposide	Approved	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-MDR1	Km = 255 microM	[207]
Fexofenadine	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 150 microM	[208]
Grepafloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 580 microM	[209]
Haloperidol	Approved	Drug Info	Baculovirus-infected insect cells-MDR1	Km = 33 microM	[202]
Indinavir	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 0.47 microM	[88]
Irinotecan	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 116.1 microM	[91]
Irinotecan	Approved	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-MDR1	Km = 45.5 microM	[91]
Levofloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 5600 microM	[209]
Levofloxacin	Approved	Drug Info	LLC-PK1 cells-MDR1	Km = 3000 microM	[210]
Loperamide	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 13.8 microM	[59]
Loperamide	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 11.4 microM	[102]
Losartan	Approved	Drug Info	Chinese hamster ovary AA8 cells-MDR1	Km = 100 microM	[181]
Losartan	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 232 microM	[104]
Losartan	Approved	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-MDR1	Km = 403.2 microM	[104]
Nicardipine	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 2.6 microM	[58]
Olanzapine	Approved	Drug Info	Baculovirus-infected insect cells-MDR1	Km = 8.3 microM	[202]
Oseltamivir	Approved	Drug Info	LLC-PK1 cells-MDR1	Km = 4.2 microM	[119]
Paclitaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7)-MDR1	Km = 0.014 microM	[121]
Paclitaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 16.5 microM	[211]
Paclitaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 65 microM	[144]
Paclitaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 0.7 microM	[212]
Paclitaxel	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 1.4 microM	[58]
Prazosin	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 20 microM	[129]
Progesterone	Approved	Drug Info	Chinese hamster ovary AA8 cells-MDR1	Km = 30 microM	[181]
Progesterone	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 53.6 microM	[59]
Quetiapine	Approved	Drug Info	Baculovirus-infected insect cells-MDR1	Km = 12.3 microM	[202]
Quinine	Approved	Drug Info	Chinese hamster ovary AA8 cells-MDR1	Km = 10 microM	[181]
Quinine	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 5.42 microM	[59]
Risperidone	Approved	Drug Info	Baculovirus-infected insect cells-MDR1	Km = 12.4 microM	[202]
Ritonavir	Approved	Drug Info	LLC-PK1 cells-MDR1	Km = 0.8 microM	[140]
Saquinavir	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 15.4 microM	[144]
Saquinavir	Approved	Drug Info	LLC-PK1 cells-MDR1	Km = 14.5 microM	[140]
Topotecan	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 78.3 microM	[159]
Topotecan	Approved	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-MDR1	Km = 102 microM	[159]
Trospium chloride	Approved	Drug Info	Primary human bladder urothelium cells (HBU)	Km = 6.9 microM	[162]
Verapamil	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 4.06 microM	[59]
Verapamil	Approved	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCKII)-MDR1	Km = 24 microM	[213]
Verapamil	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 2 microM	[212]
Verapamil	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 4.1 microM	[58]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Chinese hamster ovary AA8 cells-MDR1	Km = 0.8 microM	[181]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	High five cells-MDR1	Km = 5.71 microM	[59]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 19 microM	[214]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Human enterocyte-like 2 cells (Caco-2)-MDR1	Km = 89.2 microM	[215]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	LLC-PK1 cells-MDR1	Km = 99.4 microM	[216]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells-MDR1	Km = 253 microM	[215]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Oocytes-MDR1	Km = 146 microM	[167]
Vinblastine	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 1.7 microM	[58]
Vincristine	Approved	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 3.7 microM	[58]
Clinical Trial Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 1 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Cell Line	Affinity	Ref
Biotin	Phase 4	Drug Info	Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells-MDR1	Km = 13 microM	[171]
Withdrawn, Discontinued or Preclinical Drug			Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Drug: 3 Drugs in Total
Drug Name	Highest Status	Detail	Cell Line	Affinity	Ref
Rhodamine 123	Discontinued in Phase 1	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 21 microM	[58]
Valinomycin	Investigative	Drug Info	Chinese hamster ovary AA8 cells-MDR1	Km = 1 microM	[181]
Valinomycin	Investigative	Drug Info	Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells-MDR1	Km = 2.5 microM	[58]
References
1	The transport of anti-HIV drugs across blood-CNS interfaces: summary of current knowledge and recommendations for further research. Antiviral Res. 2009 May;82(2):A99-109.
2	Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
3	Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1029-37.
4	Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
5	Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) transport afatinib and restrict its oral availability and brain accumulation. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Jun;120:43-50.
6	ATP-dependent transport of amphiphilic cations across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane mediated by mdr1 P-glycoprotein. FEBS Lett. 1994 Apr 25;343(2):168-72.
7	The anthelminthic agent albendazole does not interact with p-glycoprotein. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):365-9.
8	MDR1 genotype-dependent regulation of the aldosterone system in humans. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Feb;17(2):137-44.
9	Effects of the inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein on aliskiren pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2015 Jan;36(1):15-33.
10	Potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between ambrisentan and cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Oct;88(4):513-20.
11	Identification of P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors among psychoactive compounds--implications for pharmacokinetics of selected substrates. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;56(8):967-75.
12	Caco-2 permeability, P-glycoprotein transport ratios and brain penetration of heterocyclic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2003 Sep 16;263(1-2):113-22.
13	Carotenoids reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells by interfering with ABC-transporters. Phytomedicine. 2012 Aug 15;19(11):977-87.
14	Effect of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Apixaban, an Oral Direct Inhibitor of Factor Xa. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2016 Apr;16(2):119-27.
15	Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2018 Classic Shirt-Pocket Edition.
16	Improving the prediction of the brain disposition for orally administered drugs using BDDCS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Jan;64(1):95-109.
17	Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis equally in T lymphoblastoid leukemia MOLT-4 cells and P-gp-expressing daunorubicin-resistant MOLT-4 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;51(2):119-26.
18	Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1. Life Sci. 2002 Feb 15;70(13):1491-500.
19	Meta-analysis of contribution of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters to axitinib pharmacokinetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 May;68(5):645-55.
20	Resveratrol modifies biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in sham-operated and cholestatic rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov 21;23(43):7678-7692.
21	Baloxavir Marboxil FDA label
22	Prediction of Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions for Baricitinib. Clin Transl Sci. 2017 Nov;10(6):509-519.
23	Oral and inhaled corticosteroids: differences in P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) mediated efflux. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 May 1;260(3):294-302.
24	P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of digitoxin, alpha-methyldigoxin and beta-acetyldigoxin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;363(3):337-43.
25	Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids. Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;20(11):1794-803.
26	Profile of betrixaban and its potential in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 26;11:343-51.
27	Effects of the ABCG2 and ABCB1 drug transporter polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of bicalutamide in humans. Clin Chim Acta. 2015 Jan 1;438:7-11.
28	The impact of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein on the brain pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a panel of MEK inhibitors. Int J Cancer. 2018 Jan 15;142(2):381-391.
29	Drug interactions and protease inhibitors used in the treatment of hepatitis C: how to manage? Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;70(7):775-89.
30	CNS uptake of bortezomib is enhanced by P-glycoprotein inhibition: implications for spinal muscular atrophy. Neurobiol Dis. 2016 Apr;88:118-24.
31	In vitro and in vivo identification of ABCB1 as an efflux transporter of bosutinib. J Hematol Oncol. 2015 Jul 7;8:81.
32	KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
33	Sertraline and its metabolite desmethylsertraline, but not bupropion or its three major metabolites, have high affinity for P-glycoprotein. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Feb;31(2):231-4.
34	Polymorphisms of the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict side effects of treatment with cabergoline in patients with PRL adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Sep;167(3):327-35.
35	In vitro and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic based assessment of drug-drug interaction potential of canagliflozin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 May;83(5):1082-1096.
36	Identification of an ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein)-positive carfilzomib-resistant myeloma subpopulation by the pluripotent stem cell fluorescent dye CDy1. Am J Hematol. 2013 Apr;88(4):265-72.
37	Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and pioglitazone-induced edema. J Diabetes Investig. 2010 Oct 19;1(5):208-11.
38	Cepharanthin, a multidrug resistant modifier, is a substrate for P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Oct;275(1):73-8.
39	P-glycoprotein Mediates Ceritinib Resistance in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-rearranged Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. EBioMedicine. 2015 Dec 12;3:54-66.
40	Identification of the hepatic efflux transporters of organic anions using double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, OATP1B1/multidrug resistance 1, and OATP1B1/breast cancer resistance protein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Sep;314(3):1059-67.
41	Stereoselective and multiple carrier-mediated transport of cetirizine across Caco-2 cell monolayers with potential drug interaction. Chirality. 2010 Jul;22(7):684-92.
42	Active Mediated Transport of Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol in a Calu-3 Lung Epithelial Cell Model. J Pharm Sci. 2018 Apr;107(4):1178-1184.
43	ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with fatal intoxications involving venlafaxine but not citalopram. Int J Legal Med. 2013 May;127(3):579-86.
44	Efflux pump inhibitors: targeting mycobacterial efflux systems to enhance TB therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Jan;71(1):17-26.
45	Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92.
46	Impact of P-glycoprotein on clopidogrel absorption. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov;80(5):486-501.
47	Nilotinib (AMN107, Tasigna) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the activity of the ABCB1/Pgp and ABCG2/BCRP/MXR transporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jul 15;78(2):153-61.
48	Increased oral availability and brain accumulation of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) inhibitor elacridar. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 15;134(6):1484-94.
49	Contribution of down-regulation of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A to increased absorption of cyclosporine A in a rat nephrosis model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Nov;327(2):592-9.
50	Influence of ABCB11 and HNF4 genes on daclatasvir plasma concentration: preliminary pharmacogenetic data from the Kineti-C study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Oct 1;72(10):2846-2849.
51	Mechanisms limiting distribution of the threonine-protein kinase B-RaF(V600E) inhibitor dabrafenib to the brain: implications for the treatment of melanoma brain metastases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Mar;344(3):655-64.
52	Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Feb;46(2):224-35.
53	Impact of drug transporters on cellular resistance towards saquinavir and darunavir. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Nov;65(11):2319-28.
54	Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80.
55	Interrelationship between substrates and inhibitors of human CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 1999 Mar;16(3):408-14.
56	A novel screening strategy to identify ABCB1 substrates and inhibitors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;379(1):11-26.
57	P-glycoprotein limits the brain penetration of nonsedating but not sedating H1-antagonists. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Mar;31(3):312-8.
58	Modulation of drug-stimulated ATPase activity of human MDR1/P-glycoprotein by cholesterol. Biochem J. 2007 Jan 15;401(2):597-605.
59	Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8.
60	Can the enhanced renal clearance of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis patients be explained by P-glycoprotein transport? Pharm Res. 2002 Apr;19(4):457-62.
61	The association of ABCB1 polymorphisms and elevated serum digitoxin concentrations in geriatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;64(4):367-72.
62	MDR1 function is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of myosin regulatory light chain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jul 16;398(1):7-12.
63	Interaction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors with P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):323-32.
64	Effect of ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism on docetaxel pharmacokinetics according to menopausal status in breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2010 Aug 10;103(4):560-6.
65	MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8.
66	Fingerprint-based in silico models for the prediction of P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012 Sep 15;20(18):5388-95.
67	Edoxaban drug-drug interactions with ketoconazole, erythromycin, and cyclosporine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;82(6):1591-1600.
68	Influx and efflux transport of H1-antagonist epinastine across the blood-brain barrier. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 May;32(5):519-24.
69	Effect of the ATP-binding cassette drug transporters ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC2 on erlotinib hydrochloride (Tarceva) disposition in in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies employing Bcrp1-/-/Mdr1a/1b-/- (triple-knockout) and wild-type mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Aug;7(8):2280-7.
70	Enhanced corneal absorption of erythromycin by modulating P-glycoprotein and MRP mediated efflux with corticosteroids. Pharm Res. 2009 May;26(5):1270-82.
71	In vitro transport profile of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and their active metabolites by human P-glycoprotein. Epilepsia. 2011 Oct;52(10):1894-904.
72	P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1)-mediated efflux of sex-steroid hormones and modulation of P-gp expression in vitro. Pharm Res. 2004 Jul;21(7):1284-93.
73	Efflux ratio cannot assess P-glycoprotein-mediated attenuation of absorptive transport: asymmetric effect of P-glycoprotein on absorptive and secretory transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Pharm Res. 2003 Aug;20(8):1200-9.
74	Closer to the Site of Action: Everolimus Concentrations in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlate Well With Whole Blood Concentrations. Ther Drug Monit. 2015 Oct;37(5):675-80.
75	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the immunosuppressant sirolimus and the lipid-lowering drug ezetimibe in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jun;87(6):663-7.
76	The influence of CYP3A5*3 and BCRPC421A genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of felodipine in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2017 Jun;42(3):345-349.
77	Blood-brain barrier permeation and efflux exclusion of anticholinergics used in the treatment of overactive bladder. Drugs Aging. 2012 Apr 1;29(4):259-73.
78	Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fexofenadine in relation to the MDR1 genetic polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Aug;78(2):191-201.
79	Fluoxetine and reversal of multidrug resistance. Cancer Lett. 2006 Jun 18;237(2):180-7.
80	Folate transporter expression decreases in the human placenta throughout pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012 Apr;2(2):123-31.
81	Interaction of gatifloxacin with efflux transporters: a possible mechanism for drug resistance. Int J Pharm. 2010 Aug 16;395(1-2):114-21.
82	Gefitinib-phenytoin interaction is not correlated with the C-erythromycin breath test in healthy male volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Aug;68(2):226-37.
83	Increased sensitivity to gemcitabine of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein-overexpressing human cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 2003 Jun 16;88(12):1963-70.
84	Upregulation of cellular glutathione levels in human ABCB5- and murine Abcb5-transfected cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015 Dec 15;16:37.
85	P-Glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) Restricts Brain Penetration of the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib, While Cytochrome P450-3A (CYP3A) Limits Its Oral Bioavailability. Mol Pharm. 2018 Nov 5;15(11):5124-5134.
86	Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
87	Association of genetic polymorphisms in the influx transporter SLCO1B3 and the efflux transporter ABCB1 with imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr;33(2):244-50.
88	HIV-1 protease inhibitors are substrates for the MDR1 multidrug transporter. Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 17;37(11):3594-601.
89	Indomethacin induces apoptosis via a MRP1-dependent mechanism in doxorubicin-resistant small-cell lung cancer cells overexpressing MRP1. Br J Cancer. 2007 Oct 22;97(8):1077-83.
90	The skin cancer chemotherapeutic agent ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005) is a substrate for the epidermal multidrug transporter (ABCB1) and targets tumor vasculature. Cancer Res. 2010 Jun 1;70(11):4509-19.
91	Intestinal transport of irinotecan in Caco-2 cells and MDCK II cells overexpressing efflux transporters Pgp, cMOAT, and MRP1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jul;30(7):763-70.
92	Investigation of the effects of the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor on human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 13;7(1):17481.
93	MDR1-deficient genotype in Collie dogs hypersensitive to the P-glycoprotein substrate ivermectin. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Jan 24;460(2-3):85-91.
94	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB14568)
95	Ixabepilone, a novel microtubule-targeting agent for breast cancer, is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1/ABCB1) but not breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 May;337(2):423-32.
96	Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants. Front Pharmacol. 2011 Feb 16;2:6.
97	Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Dec;55(8):1364-75.
98	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB00480)
99	Influence of CYP3A4/5 and ABC transporter polymorphisms on lenvatinib plasma trough concentrations in Japanese patients with thyroid cancer. Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 1;9(1):5404.
100	Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein. Neuropharmacology. 2007 Feb;52(2):333-46.
101	P-glycoprotein differentially affects escitalopram, levomilnacipran, vilazodone and vortioxetine transport at the mouse blood-brain barrier inivo. Neuropharmacology. 2016 Apr;103:104-11.
102	In vitro P-glycoprotein assays to predict the in vivo interactions of P-glycoprotein with drugs in the central nervous system. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Feb;36(2):268-75.
103	Effects of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Jul;160(5):1224-33.
104	Active transport of the angiotensin-II antagonist losartan and its main metabolite EXP 3174 across MDCK-MDR1 and caco-2 cell monolayers. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;129(6):1235-43.
105	Polymorphisms in human MDR1 (P-glycoprotein): recent advances and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jan;75(1):13-33.
106	Multidrug resistance protein-mediated transport of chlorambucil and melphalan conjugated to glutathione. Br J Cancer. 1998;77(2):201-9.
107	Opioids and efflux transporters. Part 3: P-glycoprotein substrate activity of 3-hydroxyl addition to meperidine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jun 15;18(12):3638-40.
108	In vitro P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of (R)-, (S)-, (R,S)-methadone, LAAM and their main metabolites. Pharmacology. 2007;80(4):304-11.
109	Secretory transport of methylprednisolone possibly mediated by P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Mar;25(3):393-6.
110	In vivo expansion of MDR1-transduced cells accompanied by a post-transplantation chemotherapy regimen with mitomycin C and methotrexate. J Gene Med. 2010 Jul;12(7):596-603.
111	Genetic variability and clinical efficacy of morphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Aug;49(7):902-8.
112	Moxidectin and the avermectins: Consanguinity but not identity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2012 Apr 14;2:134-53.
113	Influence of drug transporters and UGT polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of phenolic glucuronide metabolite of mycophenolic acid in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Oct;30(5):559-64.
114	Pharmacogenetics of long-term responses to antiretroviral regimens containing Efavirenz and/or Nelfinavir: an Adult Aids Clinical Trials Group Study. J Infect Dis. 2005 Dec 1;192(11):1931-42.
115	Effects of Ketoconazole and Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Nintedanib in Healthy Subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;43(5):533-541.
116	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB00585)
117	Overexpressed ABCB1 Induces Olaparib-Taxane Cross-Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Transl Oncol. 2019 May 7;12(7):871-878.
118	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB12455)
119	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in the central nervous system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov;53(11):4753-61.
120	The transport of antiepileptic drugs by P-glycoprotein. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Jul;64(10):930-42.
121	Kinetics of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of paclitaxel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):1236-42.
122	Efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier limit delivery and efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (PD-0332991) in an orthotopic brain tumor model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Nov;355(2):264-71.
123	Invega (paliperidone) extended release tablets FDA Label
124	Panobinostat for the treatment of multiple myeloma: the evidence to date. J Blood Med. 2015 Oct 8;6:269-76.
125	Bioavailability, metabolism and disposition of oral pazopanib in patients with advanced cancer. Xenobiotica. 2013 May;43(5):443-53.
126	Role of P-glycoprotein in the uptake/efflux transport of oral vitamin K antagonists and rivaroxaban through the Caco-2 cell model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013 Oct;113(4):259-65.
127	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB08910)
128	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB08901)
129	Evidence for two nonidentical drug-interaction sites in the human P-glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10594-9.
130	The role of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein in brain penetration of prednisolone. J Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;175(1):251-60.
131	Resolor, INN-prucalopride
132	Flavonoid permeability across an in situ model of the blood-brain barrier. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Mar 1;36(5):592-604.
133	Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
134	Contribution of P-glycoprotein to efflux of ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, across the blood-brain barrier. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002 Aug;54(8):1055-63.
135	Ranolazine-tacrolimus interaction. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Nov;44(11):1844-9.
136	Brain and Testis Accumulation of Regorafenib is Restricted by Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (P-GP/ABCB1). Pharm Res. 2015 Jul;32(7):2205-16.
137	Advantageous Solubility-Permeability Interplay When Using Amorphous Solid Dispersion (ASD) Formulation for the BCS Class IV P-gp Substrate Rifaximin: Simultaneous Increase of Both the Solubility and the Permeability. AAPS J. 2017 May;19(3):806-813.
138	Pharmacokinetic interaction profile of riociguat, a new soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, initro. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Aug;28(2):130-7.
139	Effect of verapamil on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of risperidone: in vivo evidence of involvement of P-glycoprotein in risperidone disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jul;78(1):43-51.
140	MDR1 G1199A polymorphism alters permeability of HIV protease inhibitors across P-glycoprotein-expressing epithelial cells. AIDS. 2005 Oct 14;19(15):1617-25.
141	Downregulation of ABCB1 gene in patients with total hip or knee arthroplasty influences pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Feb 6.
142	Population pharmacokinetics of romidepsin in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;15(4):1496-503.
143	Involvement of multiple transporters in the hepatobiliary transport of rosuvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Oct;36(10):2014-23.
144	Predicting P-glycoprotein effects on oral absorption: correlation of transport in Caco-2 with drug pharmacokinetics in wild-type and mdr1a(-/-) mice in vivo. Pharm Res. 2004 May;21(5):819-26.
145	The influence of UGT2B7, UGT1A8, MDR1, ALDH, ADH, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of silodosin in healthy Chinese volunteers. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2013;28(3):239-43.
146	Pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus and sirolimus in renal transplant patients: from retrospective analyses to prospective studies. Transplant Proc. 2007 Sep;39(7):2142-4.
147	Cytochrome P450 3A Induction Predicts P-glycoprotein Induction; Part 2: Prediction of Decreased Substrate Exposure After Rifabutin or Carbamazepine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Dec;104(6):1191-1198.
148	Breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein limit sorafenib brain accumulation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Feb;9(2):319-26.
149	HT29-MTX and Caco-2/TC7 monolayers as predictive models for human intestinal absorption: role of the mucus layer. J Pharm Sci. 2001 Oct;90(10):1608-19. Comparative Study
150	Interaction of the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib with solute carriers and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Oct 1;15(19):6062-9.
151	JNK-AKT-NF-kB controls P-glycoprotein expression to attenuate the cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol in mammalian cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Oct;156:120-134.
152	Tacrine sinusoidal uptake and biliary excretion in sandwich-cultured primary rat hepatocytes. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(3):427-38.
153	In Vitro P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport of Tadalafil: A Comparison with Sildenafil. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1314-1319.
154	DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB11760)
155	Differences in assessment of macrolide interaction with human MDR1 (ABCB1, P-gp) using rhodamine-123 efflux, ATPase activity and cellular accumulation assays. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2010 Sep 11;41(1):86-95.
156	Association of NR1I2, CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms with variability of temsirolimus pharmacokinetics and toxicity in patients with metastatic bladder cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;80(3):653-659.
157	In vitro P-glycoprotein interactions and steady-state pharmacokinetic interactions between tolvaptan and digoxin in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 May;51(5):761-9.
158	The antiepileptic drug topiramate is a substrate for human P-glycoprotein but not multidrug resistance proteins. Pharm Res. 2009 Nov;26(11):2464-70.
159	Involvement of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein in the transport of belotecan and topotecan in Caco-2 and MDCKII cells. Pharm Res. 2008 Nov;25(11):2601-12.
160	Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;70:234-8.
161	Central nervous system pharmacokinetics of the Mdr1 P-glycoprotein substrate CP-615,003: intersite differences and implications for human receptor occupancy projections from cerebrospinal fluid exposures. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Aug;35(8):1341-9.
162	Expression of drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes in the bladder urothelium in man and affinity of the bladder spasmolytic trospium chloride to transporters likely involved in its pharmacokinetics. Mol Pharm. 2015 Jan 5;12(1):171-8.
163	Differential effects of the oncogenic BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 (vemurafenib) and its progenitor PLX4720 on ABCB1 function. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(1):154-68.
164	Venclexta FDA label
165	Improved expression and purification of human multidrug resistance protein MDR1 from baculovirus-infected insect cells. Protein Expr Purif. 2009 Jul;66(1):7-14.
166	Pharmacokinetics of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Aug;12(8):648-58.
167	Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human P-glycoprotein: probing trans- and cis-inhibitory effects on [3H]vinblastine and [3H]digoxin efflux. Pharmacol Res. 2010 Jan;61(1):76-84.
168	L-type calcium channel blockers reverse docetaxel and vincristine-induced multidrug resistance independent of ABCB1 expression in human lung cancer cell lines. Toxicol Lett. 2010 Feb 15;192(3):408-18.
169	Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8.
170	P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of berberine across Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Dec;91(12):2614-21.
171	Functional characterization of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter in MDCK-MDR1 cells and its utilization as a target for drug delivery. Mol Pharm. 2006 May-Jun;3(3):329-39.
172	An in vitro evaluation of guanfacine as a substrate for P-glycoprotein. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:501-5.
173	Possible involvement of P-glycoprotein in renal excretion of pazufloxacin in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 6;501(1-3):151-9.
174	Interactions of human P-glycoprotein with simvastatin, simvastatin acid, and atorvastatin. Pharm Res. 2004 Sep;21(9):1686-91.
175	Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide When Coadministered With Other HIV Antiretrovirals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Aug 1;78(4):465-472.
176	P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) transports the primary active tamoxifen metabolites endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen and restricts their brain penetration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Jun;337(3):710-7.
177	The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-inhibitors, ABT-737 and ABT-263, are substrates for P-glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 May 6;408(2):344-9.
178	Cholesterol interaction with the daunorubicin binding site of P-glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Oct 5;276(3):909-16.
179	P-glycoprotein efflux at the blood-brain barrier mediates differences in brain disposition and pharmacodynamics between two structurally related neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Sep;298(3):1252-9.
180	P-glycoprotein increases the efflux of the androgen dihydrotestosterone and reduces androgen responsive gene activity in prostate tumor cells. Prostate. 2004 Apr 1;59(1):77-90.
181	Competition of hydrophobic peptides, cytotoxic drugs, and chemosensitizers on a common P-glycoprotein pharmacophore as revealed by its ATPase activity. J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 9;271(6):3163-71.
182	Characterization of the major metabolites of verapamil as substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 May;293(2):376-82.
183	ATP-binding cassette B1 transports seliciclib (R-roscovitine), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Nov;38(11):2000-6.
184	Molecular and cellular pharmacology of the novel noncamptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitor Genz-644282. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Aug;10(8):1490-9.
185	Interaction of drugs of abuse and maintenance treatments with human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010 Aug;13(7):905-15.
186	Unveiling the role of multidrug resistance proteins in hypertension. Hypertension. 2009 Aug;54(2):210-6.
187	Lipid dependence of ABC transporter localization and function. Chem Phys Lipids. 2009 Oct;161(2):57-64.
188	Transport of somatostatin and substance P by human P-glycoprotein. FEBS Lett. 2004 Sep 10;574(1-3):55-61.
189	Grapefruit juice-drug interactions: Grapefruit juice and its components inhibit P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) mediated transport of talinolol in Caco-2 cells. J Pharm Sci. 2007 Oct;96(10):2808-17.
190	Active efflux of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist flesinoxan via P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001 Aug;14(1):81-6.
191	Altered drug disposition of the platelet activating factor antagonist apafant in mdr1a knockout mice. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2002 Aug;16(3):119-28.
192	Interaction of macrocyclic lactones with P-glycoprotein: structure-affinity relationship. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2007 Jan;30(1):84-94.
193	Inhibiting the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Mar 1;77(5):781-93.
194	Imaging reversal of multidrug resistance in living mice with bioluminescence: MDR1 P-glycoprotein transports coelenterazine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 10;101(6):1702-7.
195	Effects of plant sterols on human multidrug transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 2;369(2):363-8.
196	ATP-binding cassette transporters as pitfalls in selection of transgenic cells. Anal Biochem. 2010 Apr 15;399(2):246-50.
197	Increased ABCB1 expression in TP-110-resistant RPMI-8226 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(9):1913-9.
198	P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) restrict brain accumulation of the active sunitinib metabolite N-desethyl sunitinib. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Apr;341(1):164-73.
199	Resistance to the translation initiation inhibitor silvestrol is mediated by ABCB1/P-glycoprotein overexpression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. AAPS J. 2011 Sep;13(3):357-64.
200	Contribution of P-glycoprotein to bunitrolol efflux across blood-brain barrier. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1999 Mar;20(2):85-90.
201	MDR1 substrates/modulators protect against beta-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide cholestasis in rat liver. Cancer Res. 1996 Nov 1;56(21):4992-7.
202	In vitro P-glycoprotein affinity for atypical and conventional antipsychotics. Life Sci. 2002 May 31;71(2):163-9.
203	A continuous fluorescence assay for the study of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux using inside-out membrane vesicles. Anal Biochem. 1999 Mar 15;268(2):270-7.
204	Partial purification and reconstitution of the human multidrug-resistance pump: characterization of the drug-stimulatable ATP hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8472-6.
205	Relevance of p-glycoprotein for the enteral absorption of cyclosporin A: in vitro-in vivo correlation. Br J Pharmacol. 1996 Aug;118(7):1841-7. Clinical Trial
206	Human P-glycoprotein transports cyclosporin A and FK506. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6077-80.
207	Delineating the contribution of secretory transporters in the efflux of etoposide using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):457-63.
208	Transport characteristics of fexofenadine in the Caco-2 cell model. Pharm Res. 2004 Aug;21(8):1398-404.
209	Secretory mechanisms of grepafloxacin and levofloxacin in the human intestinal cell line caco-2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):360-6.
210	Transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs by human P-glycoprotein expressed in a kidney epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Aug;282(2):955-60.
211	Taxol transport by human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Drug Metab Dispos. 1998 Apr;26(4):343-6.
212	Synthesis and evaluation of 3D templates based on a taxane skeleton to circumvent P-glycoprotein-associated multidrug resistance of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 May 16;15(10):2601-5.
213	Chalcogenopyrylium compounds as modulators of the ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1). J Med Chem. 2012 May 24;55(10):4683-99.
214	Functional expression of P-glycoprotein in apical membranes of human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Kinetics of vinblastine secretion and interaction with modulators. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):14991-7.
215	Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa? Pharm Res. 2002 Jun;19(6):765-72.
216	Cloning and expression of murine sister of P-glycoprotein reveals a more discriminating transporter than MDR1/P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):24-35.

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to Dr. Yin and Dr. Li.

Drug Transporter (DT) Information

Visitor Map

Correspondence